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2014考研英语:重难点突破——否定形式

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  否定形式,并不是考研英语的高频考点,却着实是考研的难点,它属于不出现则已,一出现必定是哀鸿遍野的题型。我们想要在选拔类考试中拔得头筹,只掌握基础的知识显然是不够的,对于这类能够拉开差距的题目,更是要慎重对待。
 
  1一般否定句
 
  I don’t know this No news is good news There is no person /not a person/not any person in the house
 
  2)特指否定
 
  He went to his office not to see him I am sorry for not coming on time I don’t think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right
 
  3)部分否定
 
  I don’t know all of them I can’t see everybody/everything All the answers are not right。(并非所有答案都对。) All is not gold that glitters(闪光的不一定都是金子。) Both of them are not right。(并非两人都对。)
 
  4)全体否定
 
  None of my friends smoke I can see nothing/nobody Nothing can be so simple as this Neither of them is right
 
  5延续否定
 
  You didn’t see him neither/nor did I You don’t know I don’t know either He doesn’t know English let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of French
 
  6半否定句
 
  We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing I know little English I saw few people
 
  7双重否定
 
  You can’t make something out of nothing What’s done cannot be undone There is no sweet without sweat No gain without pains I can’t help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it No man is so old but that he can learn
 
  8)排除否定
 
  Everyone is ready except you He did nothing but play But for your help I couldn’t do it
 
  9)加强否定
 
  I won’t do it at all I can’t see it any more He is no longer a boy
 
  那么在否定中最难的就是双重否定和否定转移。
 
  1There exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas
 
  以上这个句子就是典型的双重否定句型,在小学语文中,我们就学过,双重否定表肯定,所以,这个句子真正的是在强调要肯定的东西。直译为:世界上不存在无能表达复杂想法的语言和方言。”进一步翻译为:世界上任何语言和方言都能表达复杂的想法。”
 
  2 Without accepting new techniques there will be no great increase in labor productivity
 
  不采用新技术,就不能大幅度提高劳动生产率。
 
  否定转移在考研试题中还没有出现,但是却是英语中的一个难点。值得大家的注意:
 
  3Don’t cry because it is over but smile because it happened
 
  这个句子含有否定和因果关系,先看因果关系之间的联系是怎样的,先翻译原因,再翻译结果,这个句子就比较简单了。翻译为“不要因为感情结束而伤心落泪,要因为曾经经历而微笑面对。
 
  有时看似否定的结构,却表达其他的意义,比如no more…thannot any more than等其实是表达比较的概念。
 
  4The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach for they are both controlled by the brain
 
  心和胃一样不能思维,都受大脑支配。(“no more…than翻译成汉语……一样不
 
  5There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take any more than they can limit how much water you drink
 
  他们没有理由限定你吃多少维生素,就如同他们不能限定你喝多少水一样。
 
  6It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game
 
  与其说他输了比赛是多次被击中,不如说是自己缺乏斗志。(“not so much…as”翻译成与其说……,不如说……”
 
  还有个别词汇也表示否定的意义,如last等。
 
  7 He is the last person I want to see in the world
 
  他是这个世界上我最不愿意见到的人。
 
 
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