2024考研一对一
圣才VIP会员,电子书题库视频免费看
您现在的位置: 圣才考研网 > 复习笔记

考研英语:如何区分定语从句与同位语从句

扫码手机阅读
用圣才电子书APP或微信扫一扫,在手机上阅读本文,也可分享给你的朋友。
评论(0

  同学们在考研语法学习中经常容易混淆同位语从句和定语从句,对两种从句的混淆有时会直接影响到阅读文章的准确理解及翻译句子正确翻译方法的采用,以下对两种从句的区分方法进行专项总结,以便同学们轻松掌握。两种从句的区别主要在以下三方面:

 

  1. 从词类上区别

  同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea fact news hope belief suggestion proposal word thought doubt truth possibility promise order等有一定内涵的名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句,如:

  The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性。(同位语从句)

  Our team has won the game which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(定语从句)

 

  2. 从性质上区别

  定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴,如:

  The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息。)

  The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语。)

 

  3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别

  有些引导词如how whether what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句,如:

  That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句)

  引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般做主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略,that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替,如:

  The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略。)

  The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略。)

 

  【真题例句】

  The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet and whether it persists to this day has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.

  【解析】

  句子可拆分为:The issue of //whether life ever existed on the planet and whether it persists to this day //has been highlighted //by mounting evidence //that the Red Planet once had abundant stable liquid water and //by the continuing controversy over suggestions //that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.

  主句为:The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet and whether it persists to this day has been highlighted by and by…。主句主语的结构为: The issue of whetherand whether…。of 短语修饰the issue of 短语较长一般译在后面;that the Red Planet…是evidence的同位语从句,(即是evidence的具体内容)。that bacterial fossils…是suggestions的同位语从句,说明suggestions的具体内容。)第一个同位语从句可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。第二个同位语可以放在所修饰的名词前面,充当定语。

  【参考译文】

  越来越多的证据表明,这个红色行星上曾经有稳定而丰富的液态水,而且人们对从火星落到地球上的细菌化石陨石的说法一直有争论,使火星上是否存在过生命和是否至今仍有生命的问题成为了引人注目的重点。

 

 

  专题推荐:

  点击查看 >>>2017年考研暑期促学全场5元起,好资料带你直击名校

  点击查看 >>>2017年考研公共课暑期备考资料专题

  点击查看 >>>2017考研统考专业课最全考研资料专题

  点击查看 >>>圣才6万种考研资料,没有你找不到的资料

  点击查看 >>>选用2017考研全套资料,轻松备考上理想名校

  点击查看 >>>经典教材名师讲堂,专业课指定教材视频讲解

    

  点击查看 >>>2017 考研动态 考研常识 考研择校经验心得时事政治 等。更多考研信息,敬请关注圣才考研网 。
 

考研考博类电子书(题库)

查看全部>>

小编工资已与此挂钩!一一分钱!求打赏↓ ↓ ↓

如果你喜欢本文章,请赐赏:

已赐赏的人
最新评论(共0条)评论一句