重庆邮电大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试模拟题（一）
I.词汇和语法（30%）
词汇补全（10%）
第 1–10题是十句话，每句话中都有一个没有拼写全的单词，请你根据所给出的信息把这些单词拼全。
They treated us as au___________(独立的) individuals who had to make our own decisions.
They treated us as autonomous in___________ (个体) who had to make our own decisions.
They treated us as autonomous individuals who had to make our own de _________ (决策).
New York City has five bo_______ (区).
The demand for foreign cu__________ (货币)depreciates the value of local ones.
The demand for foreign currency de__________(使贬值) the value of local ones.
The virus is cu_________ (培育)in the laboratory from samples of infected tissue.
The virus is cultured in the la_________ (实验室)from samples of infected tissue.
The virus is cultured in the laboratory from samples of infected ti_________(组织).
He was arrested for driving without a li_________(驾照).
语法改错（10% ）
第11–20 题是十组（个）句子，每组（个）都有一定的错误，请你把这些错误改正过来。（方括号中的是参考答案之一。）
Increase in temperature occurred.
The teacher put me a good mark.
Waiting for the bus, the clock struck twelve.
The editor refused their manuscript because have already published a similar paper.
We had a good harvest in agriculture last year.
Findings should be accessible to scientists throughout the world. You should generally publish your paper in English.
The importance that he must be the president of the Society is clear to all members.
John neither studies English nor I.
If you read this book, you will have better understanding of the causes of the trouble.
Although Tom loves language, but he has decided to study mathematics to make his father happy.
词汇认知（10%）
第21–30 题是十个句子，每个句子中都有一个带有下划线的词或短语，请在每道题后所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出和该词或短语意义最接近的，并圈出对应的字母序号。
The child had the presence of mind to call for an ambulance.
the existence of the mind
the ability to think clearly and act quickly
did not know what to do
with great difficulty
All details of the ceremony were carefully prearranged.
decided in advance
prepared on purpose
set in place beforehand
designed for this particular occasion
His employer scrutinized his performance.
described
praised
directed
examined
The winner will receive 1000 dollars and the runner-up will receive 100 dollars.
person who wins the second place
person who finishes the race
person who takes part in the race
person who runs slowly
We are running on the ragged edge financially.
nearly failed
covered with shabby clothes
completely failed
in absolute poverty
She frequently goes out of her way to help people in need.
does something by the way
makes special effort
does something on the way
does something in a way
To our surprise, the visitor English was way better than the local tourist guide’s.
in a way
a little bit
somehow
much
Despite the fact that I talk to him practically every day, I still don’t quite understand him.
logically
in a practical way
reasonably
nearly
In our last discussion, I briefly explained the roles of vegetable fibers, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients.
foods that animals and people eat to live and grow
substances that living things need to live and grow
substances that people need to live and grow
substances that animals need to live and grow
I took the liberty of telling him that you were not interested in the book he had newly translated.
told him freely
showed friendship to him by telling
was able to tell him freely that
told him without asking for your permission
II. 阅读理解（30%）
多项选择（20%）
第31–50题基于两篇文章，请你仔细阅读。然后，根据每道题的具体要求选择出它的最佳答案，多选无效。
Passage One
Technical writing covers many genres and writing styles depending on the information and audience. Below are some examples of the most commonly produced technical documents. As these examples show, technical documents are not solely produced by technical writers. Almost anyone who works in a professional setting produces technical documents of some variety.
Instructions and procedures are documents that help either developers or end users operate or configure a device or program. Examples of instructional documents include user manuals and troubleshooting guides for computer programs, household products, medical equipment, and automobiles.
Proposals. Most projects begin with a proposal—a document that describes the purpose of a project, the tasks that will be performed in the project, the methods used to complete the project, and finally the cost of the project. Proposals cover a wide range of subjects. For example, a technical writer may author a proposal that outlines how much it will cost to install a new computer system, and a teacher may write a proposal that outlines how a new biology class will be structured.
Emails, letters, and memoranda are some of the most frequently written documents in a business. Letters and emails can be constructed with a variety of goals—some are aimed at simply communicating information while others are designed to persuade the recipient to accomplish a certain task. While letters are usually written to people outside of a company, memoranda (memos) are documents written to other employees within the business.
Press releases. When a company wants to publicly reveal a new product or service, they will have a technical writer author a press release, a document that describes the product’s functions and value to the public.
Specifications are design outlines that describe the structure, parts, packaging, and delivery of an object or process in enough detail that another party can reconstruct it. For example, a technical writer might diagram and write the specifications for a smartphone or bicycle so that a manufacturer can produce the object.
Descriptions are shorter explanations of procedures and processes that help readers understand how something works. For example, a technical writer might author a document that shows the effects of greenhouse gases or demonstrates how the braking system on a bike functions.
Résumés and job applications are another example of technical documents. They are documents that are used in a professional setting to inform readers of the author’s credentials.
Technical reports are written to provide readers with information, instructions, and analysis on tasks. Reports come in many forms. For example, a technical writer might evaluate a building that is for sale and produce a trip report that highlights his or her findings and whether or not he or she believes the building should be purchased. Another writer who works for a non-profit company may publish an evaluation report that shows the findings of the company’s research into air pollution.
White papers are documents that are written for experts in a field and typically describe a solution to a technological or business challenge or problem. Examples of white papers include a piece that details how to make a business stand out in the market or a piece explaining how to prevent cyber-attacks on businesses.
Web sites. The advent of hypertext has changed the way documents are read, organized, and accessed. Technical writers of today are often responsible for authoring pages on websites like “About Us” pages or product pages and are expected to be proficient in web development tools. Subject-matter experts (SMEs) themselves and generally collaborate with SMEs to complete tasks that require more knowledge about a subject than they possess.
Document design and layout are also very important components of technical writing. Technical writers spend much time ensuring their documents are laid out in a fashion that makes readability easy, because a poorly designed document hampers a reader’s comprehension. Technical document design stresses proper usage of document design choices like bullet points, font-size, and bold text. Images, diagrams, and videos are also commonly employed by technical writers because these media can often convey complex information, like a company’s annual earnings or a product’s design features, far more efficiently than text.
The word genres in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to
types.
cases.
examples.
formulas.
According to this passage, technical documents are produced
only by technical writers.
by website designers.
by subject matter experts.
by almost any professionals.
Why Instructions and procedures in the first sentence of the second paragraph are in boldface?
Because they are at the beginning of the paragraph.
Because they function as the heading of the paragraph.
Because they are the keywords of the paragraph.
Because the editor has made a mistake.
Why the word/phrase Proposals, Press releases, and Web sites at the beginning of the 3rd, 5th, 11th paragraphs are followed by a period “.”?
They are grammatical mistakes.
They are keywords of the relevant paragraph.
They are within-paragraph subheadings.
They call for more emphasis.
A proposal has all of the following functions except
describing the helps the developer or end-user may get.
describing tasks to be performed in a project.
describing the cost of the project.
describing the methods to be used in the project.
The phrase memoranda (memos) in the 4th paragraph tells us that
both memoranda and memos are the plural form of memorandum.
the word memoranda is better known than memos.
the word memos is better known than memoranda.
memoranda and memos are two different words.
The word party in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to
a social event.
a political organization.
person(s) involved in a activity.
a group of people doing something together.
The key point to specifications is
that they are written by technical writers.
that they are about an object.
that they are about a process.
that they are reconstructable to others.
The word prescriptions in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to
written message from a doctor.
rules and laws of grammar.
medicine or drugs suggested by a doctor.
ways of doing something or making something happen.
According to the author, technical reports
are usually published as papers in academic journals.
are often published as book chapters.
are often published as encyclopedia entries.
are usually published in none of the above forms.
According to the author, white papers are typically
for expert in the field to consume.
printed on white paper.
about human right issues.
solutions to problems of challenges.
According to the author, a poorly designed technical document
slows down understanding.
has nothing to do with understanding.
distracts the reader.
facilitate understanding.
This text is most probably taken from?
a dictionary.
an encyclopedia.
an academic paper.
a technical report.
The most probable title for the passage is
Technical Writing.
Technical Communication.
Technical Documents.
Technical Writers.
Passage Two
Good technical writing is concise, focused, easy to understand, and free of errors. Technical writers focus on making their documents as clear as possible, avoiding overly technical phrases and stylistic choices like passive voice and nominalizations. Because technical documents are used in real-world situations, it should always be explicitly clear what the subject matter of a technical document is and what should be done with the presented information. It would be disastrous if, for example, a technical writer’s instructions on how to use a high-powered X-ray machine were difficult to decipher.
Technical writing requires a writer to extensively examine his or her audience. A technical writer needs to be aware of his or her audience’s existing knowledge about the material he or she is discussing because the knowledge base of the writer’s audience will determine the content and focus of a document. For example, an evaluation report discussing a scientific study’s findings that is written to a group of highly skilled scientists will be very differently constructed than one intended for the general public. Technical writers do not have to be subject-matter experts (SMEs) themselves and generally collaborate with SMEs to complete tasks that require more knowledge about a subject than they possess.
The quality of a technical document is measured by all of the following except
its precision.
its economy of words.
its correctness.
its readability.
The word nominalizations in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning
the use of names.
the use of nouns.
the act of choosing someone as a candidate.
the act of giving a small amount.
The word decipher in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
find the meaning of.
solve the problem.
discover the error.
create an image of.
The phrase subject-matter experts are followed by (SMEs) so as to
make understanding easier.
explain this phrase.
help the reader learn another word.
make later reference easier.
Which is the following statement is true according to the passage?
A good technical writer has to be a subject-matter expert.
Good technical writers usually work together with subject-matter experts.
Good technical writers write only technical subjects.
Technical writers usually write for the expert audience.
The style of this text is
formal.
informal.
casual.
intimate.
完形填空(10%)
第51–60题是集库型完形填空。请你仔细阅读下面的文章选段，并用框中所给的词或短语填补下列短文中的空缺。你可以根据语法需要改变词的形式。
|
be both difference your speaker the in culture communication good about
|
Cultures differ in a variety of norms relating to communication. Awareness of such (51)_________ can aid in writing and publishing (52) _______ paper.
When manuscripts arrive from non-native (53)_________ of English, issues sometimes arise (54)_______ the level of detail included. For example, (55)________ manuscripts by authors from some countries, (56)________ Materials and Method section tends not to (57)________ as informative as the journal requires. (58) differ in how much information people supply, (59)_______ in everyday conversation and in professional (60)_________. Notice the level of detail, and the types of details, in papers published in the journal to which you will submit your paper. Then write your paper accordingly.
III.英语写作（40%）
完型作文（20%）
下面是一篇典型的五段式作文。请仔细阅读所给出的四段（第1、2、3、5段），然后，根据第1段所提供的信息补上所缺的第4段。
Benefits of Writing the Traditional Essay
Though the traditional essay has been criticized again and again though out its brief history, it remains a common practice in colleges and universities in North America. But Why? The reason is that writing a traditional essay offers at least three benefits: helping make many of the students write better, enabling them read better and speak better, and forcing them think more clearly.
First of all, mastering the traditional essay will help make you a better writer. For other courses, you’ll often do papers that will be variations on the essay form—for example, examination essays, reports, and research papers. The basic structure of the traditional essay, with its emphasis on a clear point and well-organized, logical support, will help with almost every kind of writing that you have to do.
Second, the discipline of writing an essay will strengthen your skills as a reader and speaker. As a reader, you’ll become more critically aware of other writers' ideas and the evidence they provide (or fail to provide) to support those ideas. Essay writing will also help you become a better speaker. You'll be more prepared to develop the three basic parts of an effective speech—an appealing introduction, a solidly developed body, and a well-rounded conclusion—because of your experience writing three-part essays.
. . . . . .
Learning to write the essay the traditional way benefits the students in many ways. Among them are writing per se, reading and speaking, logical thinking, and more. As so many of us wants to write better, read efficiently, speak effectively, and especially, think clearly and logically, both for ourselves and for our audience, who would quit this fine and well established tradition of essay writing? At least, most of us would not.
概要写作（20%）
仔细阅读下列短文。然后，根据它写一段100–130个单词的英语概要。
While technical writing has only been recognized as a profession since World War II, its roots can be traced to classical antiquity Critics cite the works of writers like Aristotle as the earliest forms of technical writing. Geoffrey Chaucer’s work, Treatise on the Astrolabe, is an early example of a technical document and is considered to be the first technical document published in English.
With the invention of the mechanical printing press, the onset of the Renaissance and the rise of the Age of Reason, the need to document findings became a necessity, and inventors and scientists like Isaac Newton and Leonardo Di Vinci prepared documents that chronicled their inventions and findings. While never called technical documents during their period of publication, these documents played a crucial role in developing modern forms of technical communication and writing.
The field of technical communication grew during the Industrial Revolution. As more and more complex machines were invented and used, the need for instructing people how to use these devices became vital. However, unlike the past, where skills were handed down through oral traditions, no one besides the inventors knew how to use these new devices. Writing thus became the fastest and most effective way to disseminate information, and writers who could document these devices were desired.
During the 20th century, the need for technical writing skyrocketed, and the profession finally became officially recognized. The events of World War I and World War II led to advances in medicine, military hardware, computer technology, and aerospace technologies. This rapid growth, coupled with the urgency of war, created an immediate need for well-designed and written documents that chronicled the use of these technologies. Technical writing was in high demand during this time, and became an official job title during World War II.
Following World War II, technological advances led to an increase in consumer goods and standards of living. During the post-war boom that preceded World War II, public services like libraries and universities, as well transport systems like buses and highways saw massive amounts of growth, and the need for writers to chronicle these processes increased. It was also during this period that computers started being used in large businesses and universities. Notably, in 1949, Joseph D. Chapline authored the first computational technical document, an instruction manual for the BINAC computer.
The discovery of the transistor in 1947 allowed computers to be produced more cheaply than ever before. These cheaper prices meant that computers could now be purchased by individuals and small businesses. And as a result of the computer’s growing prominence, the need for writers who could explain and document these devices grew. The profession of technical writing saw further expansion during the 70s and 80s as consumer electronics found their way into the homes of more and more people.
In recent years, the prominence of computers in society has led to many advances in the field of digital communications, leading to many changes in the tools technical writers use. Hypertext, word processors, graphics editing programs, and page layout software have made the creation of technical documents faster and easier than ever before, and technical writers of today must be proficient in these programs.
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