2017年考研英语已经落下帷幕,圣才考研网特地为大家收集整理了考研英语二真题答案,欢迎广大考生查看!
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text, Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
People have speculated for centuries about a future
without work . Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be
replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few
wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished
wasteland.
A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the
future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and
depressed. 6 , today’s
unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found
that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year
report having depression, double the
rate for 7 Americans. Also, some
research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10
the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.
But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that
a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based
on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In
the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends
in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and
leisure. Today, the 15 of
work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University
of Ireland in Galway.
These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most
workers, people use their free time to
counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come
home from a hard day’s work, I often feel 18
,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps
different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the
intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.
1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D]
ensuring
[答案][C] warning
2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C]
unreliability [D] uncertainty
[答案][A] inequality
3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D]
prediction
[答案][D] prediction
4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured
[答案][A] characterized
5.[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D]
freedom
[答案][B] meaning
6.[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D]
Nevertheless
[答案][B] Indeed
7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D]
educated
[答案][C] working
8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C]
compensation [D] substitute
[答案][A] explanation
9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D]
among
[答案][D] among
10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D]
set aside
[答案][C] worry about
11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C]
necessarily [D] economically
[答案][C] necessarily
12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C]
benefits [D] principles
[答案][B] downsides
13.[A] absence [B] height [C]
face [D] course
[答案][A] absence
14.[A] disturb [B] restore [C]
exclude [D] yield
[答案][D] yield
15.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D]
hardship
[答案][C] virtue
16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D]
scarce
[答案][D] scarce
17.[A] demands [B] standards [C]
qualities [D] threats
[答案][A] demands
18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D]
starved
[答案][B] tired
19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D]
into
[答案][D] into
20.[A] technological [B] professional [C]
educational [D] interpersonal
[答案][B] professional
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the
questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark
your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The
Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in
the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers.Runners range
from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world
record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.
Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is
failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th
Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great
legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their
couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not
happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to
2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an
accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at
least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen
among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why
London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun
offers answers.
Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The
ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top
talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to
produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part
was intimidating for newcomers.
Indeed, there is
something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such
a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If
there is a role for government, it should
really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space
for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all
these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over
selling green spaces, squeezing
money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead
of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to
provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them
worse.
According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .
[A] gained great popularity
[B] created many jobs
[C] strengthened community ties
[D] become an official festival
[答案][A] gained great
popularity
The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has
failed to .
[A] boost population growth
[B] promote sport participation
[C] improve the city’s image
[D] increase sport hours in schools
[答案][B] promote sport
participation
Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .
[A] aims at discovering talents
[B] focuses on mass competition
[C] does not emphasize elitism
[D] does not attract first-timers
[答案][C] does not
emphasize elitism
With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .
[A] organize “grassroots” sports events
[B] supervise local sports associations
[C] increase funds for sports clubs
[D] invest in public sports facilities
[答案][D] invest in
public sports facilities
The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done
for sports is .
[A] tolerant
[B] critical
[C] uncertain
[D] sympathetic
[答案][B] critical
Text 2
With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about
their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of
digital play, “and digital products are there to
promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”
Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and
tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued
devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent
fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate
observation, she saw that phones became a source
of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while
the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try
to understand their world, and if those
faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it
can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still
face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the
1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with
her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving
them any visual social feedback; The child
becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention.
“Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and
parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal
expressions of an emotional need,” says
Radesky.
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about
kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that
demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your
child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick
believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean
there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break
from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their
devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can
make them feel happier, which lets
then be more available to their child the rest of the time.
According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.
[A] simplify routine matters
[B] absorb user attention
[C] better interpersonal relations
[D] increase work efficiency
[答案][B] absorb user
attention
Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices
______.
[A] takes away babies’ appetite
[B] distracts children’s attention
[C] slows down babies’ verbal development
[D] reduces mother-child communication
[答案][D] reduces
mother-child communication
Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to
show that _______.
[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank
expressions
[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional
exchange
[C] children are insensitive to changes in their
parents’ mood
[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional
needs
[答案][D] parents need
to respond to children’s emotional needs
The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires
parents to_______.
[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies
[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year
[C] ensure constant interaction with their children
[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens
[答案][C] ensure
constant interaction with their children
According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.
[A] give their parents some free time
[B] make their parents more creative
[C] help them with their homework
[D] help them become more attentive
[答案][A] give their
parents some free time
Text 3
Today, widespread
social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly
high expectations in a fast-moving world often
causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After
all, if everyone you know is going to
college in the fall, it seems
silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year
doing something that isn’t academic.
But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to
condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind
everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But
despite common misconceptions, a gap year
does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.
Studies from the United States and Australia show that
students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform
better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by
preparing them for independence,new
responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap
year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and
being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and
activities rather than acclimation blunders.
If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking
a year off to explore interests, then
consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the
National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up
changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high
school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves
listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college
classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits
after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra
year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking
a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save
money later on.
One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is
that .
[A] they think it academically misleading
[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college
[C] it feels strange to do differently from others
[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses
[答案][C] it feels
strange to do differently from others
Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a
gap year helps .
[A] keep students from being unrealistic
[B] lower risks in choosing careers
[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens
[D] relieve freshmen of pressures
[答案][D] relieve
freshmen of pressures
The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .
[A] adaptation
[B] application
[C] motivation
[D] competition
[答案][A] adaptation
A gap year may save money for students by helping them .
[A] avoid academic failures
[B] establish long-term goals
[C] switch to another college
[D] decide on the right major
[答案][D] decide on the
right major
The most suitable title for this text would be .
[A] In Favor of the Gap Year
[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year
[C] The Gap Year Comes Back
[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma
[答案][A] In Favor of
the Gap Year
Text 4
Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a
national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and
management.
In 2015, the US
Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly
double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going
towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources
management, and infrastructure upkeep—that
affect the lives of all Americans.
Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from
other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building
homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?
“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure
perspective for the whole country,” he says.” We need to take a magnifying glass
to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds
to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of
the landscape?”
Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the
way US society today views fire, researchers
say.
For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more
inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the
warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen
fires.
While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the
rest of the equation.
“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are
linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize
that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view
of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what
the solution is becomes very limited.”
At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that
needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University
of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is
an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.
“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to
understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”
More frequent wildfires have become a national concern
because in 2015 they .
[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts
[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget
[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states
[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
[答案][B] consumed a
record-high percentage of budget
Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to .
[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas
[B] avoid the redirection of federal money
[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds
[答案][D] guarantee
safer spending of public funds
While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .
[A] public debates have not settled yet
[B] fire-fighting
conditions are improving
[C] other factors should not be overlooked
[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place
[答案][C] other factors
should not be overlooked
The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result
of failing to .
[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature
[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems
[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life
[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature
[答案][D] understand
the interrelations of man and nature
Professor Balch points out that fire is something man
should .
[A] do away with
[B] come to terms with
[C] pay a price for
[D] keep away from
[答案][B] come to terms
with
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and match each of the numbered
items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There
are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER
SHEET. (10 points)
The decline in American manufacturing is a common
refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We
don’t make anything anymore,”he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.
Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during
recent decades, and further trade deals raise
questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.
But there is also a different way to look at the data.
Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new
challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite
trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens
of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that
interested in taking their place, other
industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.
For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and
upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be
coming [into the workforce], but they’ve
been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing
high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.
At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding
equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his
nearly 200 workers, five are
retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour
that rises to $17 after two years.
At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered
by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s
his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered
medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with
tools. I love creating.” he says.
But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another
major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic
downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember
their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the
manufacturing recession,” says Birgit
Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for
western Michigan.
These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen
from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the
high-skilled trades. Now shortages are
appearing at the mid-skill levels.
“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and
those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College.
“There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where
you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is. ”
Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another
key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were
content to work long hours, young people
value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They
really want to live their lives,” she says.
[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering
because he loves working with tools.
41. Jay Deuwell
[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the
jobs that don’t need much skill.
42. Jason Stenquist
[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything
anymore.
43. Birgit Klohs
[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye
on the age of his workers.
44. Rob Spohr
[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of
stiff competition.
45.Julie Parks
[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract
young people into manufacturing.
[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame
for the lay-off the young people’s parents.
[答案]
41 [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of
stiff competition.
42 [A] says that he switched to electrical
engineering because he loves working with tools.
43 [G] says that the manufacturing recession is to
blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.
44 [B] points out that there are enough people to fill
the jobs that don’t need much skill
45 [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract
young people into manufacturing
Section III Translation
46.Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write
your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area
between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary
school, I took a sewing and design course
thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not
good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the
future, so I decided that it was not the
right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I
would study journalism, because
writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it , because I thought that fashion and me
together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion
industry at all! So I decided to look for some
fashion-related courses that included writing. This
is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”[参考译文]
我一直梦想着能找到一个结合时尚与出版的工作.中学毕业前两年,我学习了缝纫设计课程,认为自己继而能够学习时尚设计.然而,期间,发现自己在该领域不够优秀,不足以在未来与其他富有创造力的人竞争。因此,得出结论:这条道路不适合我。在申请大学之前,我告诉大家自己会选择新闻专业,因为写作一直都是我最喜欢的事情之一。但是,说实话,当时这样说,是因为我认为时尚于我而言就是个梦想.我知道完全没有人相信我会进入时尚这一行。因此,我决定去寻找一些课程,既与时尚相关、又涉及写作.就在这时,我注意到了《时尚媒体与营销》这门课程。
Section IV Writing
Part A
Directions:
Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a
presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write
a reply to
1) accept the
invitation, and
2) introduce
the key points of your presentation
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Don’t use your own name, use “LiMing” instead.
Don’t write your address. (10 points)
47、
[参考范文]
Dear Professor Williams,
I felt much honored when I received your invitation to
give a presentation about Chinese culture to the international students of your
college. I would much like to do this job. So I am writing to tell
you something about the presentation to be given.
The focus of my presentation will be Chinese
traditional festivals, such as the
Spring Festival and the Mid-autumn Day. In
the speech, I will introduce the origin and
conventions of these festivals. For example, the Mid-Autumn Day, falling on
the 15th of August in the Chinese lunar calendar, is a traditional Chinese holiday for family members
and loved ones to gather together. In addition to enjoying the glorious
full moon on this day, Chinese
people will also eat festival-moon cakes, recite ancient Chinese poems as well as
guess lantern riddles. I believe these knowledge will help the foreign
students obtain a deeper understanding of Chinese culture.
I am really looking forward to sharing these with all
of the international students.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Part B
[参考范文]
Reflected in the chart given above are the respective
changes in the numbers of museums and their visitors in China from the year
2013 to 2015. It can be clearly seen that the number of museums was on a
continuous rise from 6378 to 7811 in the two years, up more than 22%,and so did that of the visitors, with an increase of nearly 13% from
4165 to 4692.
What might account for the notable growths? Reasons are
many, but the most important one, as far as I am concerned, is that with the boom of Chinese
economy in recent years, our
government has been placing an increasingly high value on the inheritance of
traditional culture, which
connects modern people with the historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural andhistorical
identity. What’s more, more
attention is paid to tour Chinese traditional culture since the Chinese have
improved living standards.
With the development of China, the increasing trend is bound to
continue for some time in the future. From my perspective, it is a positive trend and should be
encouraged, for it is not only beneficial for
the preservation and rejuvenation of our ancestral heritages but also conducive
to the cultural diversity of the world.
温馨提示:如想了解更多,欢迎加入考研交流群:227064441,翻译硕士考研群:573500720,新闻传播硕士考研群:573526290,金融硕士考研群:301127765,法律硕士考研群:573487637,考研之路不再独行!