2023年硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题
Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.( 10points)
Here' s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today： you' re the CEO of a small business, and though you' re making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the next level . What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.
Let' s look at a real- world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 5 0 employees working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development .
This brought them good results until 2 0 1 2 , when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product . And 7 mprovements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade .
Things changed, 8 , when an innovative project- marketing manager came aboard, 9 a rowth
team and sparked the kind of 1 0 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 1 1 of upgrades wasn' t due to a quality issue . Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.
Armed with this 1 2 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 1 3 the premium version to users of the free version 1 4 , upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 9 2 percent .
But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. It needs someone who can 1 5 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement . This leader will 1 6 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 1 7 of these goals .
The growth leader is also 1 8 for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions . 1 9 attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize
when these ideas don' t 2 0 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.
1.A.purchase B.profit C.connection D.bet
答案： B
2.A.Define B.Predict C.Prioritize D.Appreciate
答案： C
3.A.exclusively B.temporarily C.potentially D.initially
答案： A
4.A.Experiment B.Proposal C.Debate D.Example
答案： D
5.A.Dentical B.Marginal C.Provisional D.Traditional
答案： D
6.A.Rumor B.Secret C.Myth D.Problem
答案： D
7.A.Despite B.Unlike C.Through D.Beside
答案： A
8.A.moreover B.however C.therefore D.again
答案： B
9.A.inspected B.created C.expanded D.reformed
答案： B
10.A.cultural B.objective C.fresh D.personal
答案： C
11A.End B.Burden C. Lack D.Decrease
答案： C
12.A. Policy B. Suggestion C. Purpose D. Insight
答案： D
13.A.contributing B. Allocating C.Promoting D. Transforming
答案： C
14.A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way D.In as sense
答案： A
15.A. Unite B. Finance C.Follow D.Choose
答案： A
16.A. Share B. Indentify C.Divide D.Broaden
答案： B
17.A.Announcement B.Assessment C. Adjustment D.Accomplishment
答案： D
18.A. Famous B. Responsible C.Available D. Respective
答案： B
19.A. Before B.once C.while D.unless
答案： C
20.A .serve B. limit C.summerize D.alter
答案： A
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part ADirections:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET.(40points)
Text 1
In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut - and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles. The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year's event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity
Ed Horne, of the RHS, said:“We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.”
The RHS's decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account, which claims to“cut through the green-wash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,276and 11, 282signatures However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden,which provides habitat for insects. In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass.
It added: " We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters, However the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”
21.The RHS thinks that plastic grass______ ?
A.is harmful to the environment
B. is a hot topic in gardening circles
C. is overpraised in the annual show
D.ls ruining the view of west London.
答案： A
22.The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3reveal the campaigners'?
A.disappointment with RHS
B.resistance to fake grass use
C.anger over the proposed tax
D.Concern above real grass supply
答案： B
23.In Paragraph 4 , supporters of take grass point out?
A.the necessity to lower the cost of fake grass
B.the disadvantages of growing real grass
C.the way to take care of artificial lawns
D.the challenges of insect habitat protection
答案： B
24.What should the government do with regard to artificial grass ?
A.Urge legislation to restrict its use
B.Take measures to guarantees its quality
C.Remind its users to obey existing rules
D.Replay it with sustainable alternatives
答案： C
25.lt can be learned from the text that fake grass_?
A. is being improved continuously
B. has seen a market share decline
C. is becoming increasingly affordable
D.has been a controversial product
答案： D
Text 2
It’ s easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allowAmazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?
But the administration is right about one thing: U. S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.
But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior Department’s
Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National
Park Service.
Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.
The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them — whether or not they actually visit them. The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.
The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America’ s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites — including Ellis Island and Gettysburg — and to bring the stories of these places to life. The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system — an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330million visitors per year.
26.What problem are us national parks faced with?
A.decline of business profits
B.inadequate commercialization
C.lack of transportation services
D.poorly maintained infrastructure
答案： D
27.Increased privatization of campground may_________.
A.spoil visitor experience
B.help preserve nature
C.bring operational pressure
D.boost visitors to parks
答案： A
28.According to paragraphs5 ,most respondents in the survey would_________.
A.go to the national parks on a regular basis
B.advocate a bigger budget for the national parks
C.agree to pay extra for the national parks
D.support the national parks’ recent reforms
答案： C
29.The national parks are valuable in that they_________.
A.lead the way in tourism
B.have historical significance
C.sponsor research on climate
D.provide an income for the locals
答案： B
30.It can be conclude from the text that the national park system .
A.is able to cope with staff shortages
B.is able to meet visitor’ demands
C.is in need of a new pricing policy
D.is in need of a funding increase
答案： D
Text 3
The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia
University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 2011, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer ( “an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain, ” for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in. They didn' t remember the information, but they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but “adopting to new communications technology,”Sparrow says.
In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as “cognitive offloading. ”Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking something that is not available on the Internet. “I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things, ”
Sparrow says, adding that we haven’t lost our ability to do it.
Still other experts say it ’s too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel.J. Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the
University of California, LosAngeles.
“There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but I’d have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs, ” observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm. “It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don't know.”
31.Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will .
A. analyze information in detail
B. collect information efficiently
C. switch its focus of memory
D. extend its memory duration
答案： C
32.The process of "cognitive offloading" .
A. helps us identify false information
B. keeps our memory from failing
C. enables us to classify trivial facts
D. lessens our memory burdens
答案： D
33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?
A.It may reform our learning approach
B.It may impact our society negatively
C.It may enhance our adaptability to technology
D.It may interfere with our conceptual thinking
答案： A
34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?
A.requires further academic research
B.is most studies in older adults
C.is reflected in our reading speed
D.depends on our web-surfing habits
答案： A
35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that .
A. our reliance on the Internet will be costly
B, the Internet is weakening our memory
C. Memory exercise is a must for our brain
D. our ability to focus declines with age
答案： B
Text 4
Teenagers are paradoxical. That's a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.
A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.
The researchers studied prosocial and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 yearsold. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative like getting drunk or staying out late.
Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior.
Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.
Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness.The teenagers who
were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescencc seem to develop together.
Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behavioris related to what researchers call "reward sensitivity." Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. " Reward sensitivity ” measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.
Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards- winning the game. impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn't seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.
36.According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to____
A.develop opposite personality traits
B.see the world in an unreasonable way
C.have fond memories of their past
D.show affection to their parent
答案： D
37.It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Crone's study______.
A.explores teenagers' social responsibilities
B.examines teenagers' emotional problems
C.provides a new insight into adolescence
D.highlights negative adolescent behavior
答案： C
38. What does Crone's study find about prosocial behavior ?
A.It results from the wish to cooperate
B.It is cultivated through education
C.It is subject to family influence
D.It tends to peak in adolescence
答案： D
39. It can be learned from the last two paragraph that teenagers
A.overstress their influence on others
B.care a lot about social recognition
C. become anxious about their future
D. endeavor to live a joyful life
答案： B
40. what is the text mainly about?
A.why teenagers are self-contradictory
B.why teenagers are risk-sensitive
C.How teenagers develop prosociality
D.How teenagers become independent
答案： A
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET(10points)
Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaring.
Now building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.
The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England are part of government plans to reduce the UK's carbon emissions to net zero by 2050.
The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs are already driving up bills.
Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods.
Gareth Belsham of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading or extending their home, will be directing affected.
Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards.
Thomas Goodman,of MyJobQuote, says this will brig in new restrictions for extensions.
As the rules come into effect last Wednesday property developers Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, my Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years.
John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm believes prices will eventually come down.
However, the long-tern effects of the changes will be more comfortable.
答案： 41.D 42.F 43.B 44.A 45.G
Section III Translation
46.Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)
In the late18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.
Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a render, transport then to another world and make them see things differently. Though carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny,beautiful,moving and inspiring.
No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. poems really come to life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.
【参考范⽂】
18 世纪后期， 威廉• 华兹华斯因其关于⾃然的诗歌⽽闻名遐迩。他是浪漫主义运动的创始⼈之⼀， 该运动赞美⾃然世界的奇观。
诗歌的⼒量是强⼤的。它的能量和节奏可以捕捉每⼀种表达， 后将他们运⽤到另⼀个世界，并使他们以不同的⽅式看待事物。尽管诗歌是由精⼼挑选的单词和短语构成的， 但它可以是戏剧性的、有趣的、美丽的、动⼈的和⿎舞⼈⼼的。
没有⼈确切地知道诗歌是什么时候开始的， 但它在⼈们写作之前就已经存在了⼏千年。诗歌是⼀种讲述故事和传承历史的⽅式。它和歌曲有着密切的关系， 即使诗歌是⽂字的形式， 但它创作出来后通常需要⼤声演奏出来。诗歌在朗诵后才真正鲜活起来。这样也有助于理解诗歌， 因为诗歌的节奏和声⾳变得更清晰了。
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
An art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday, and your friend David asks you which one he should go to. Write him an email to
1) make a suggestion, and
2) give your reason(s).
You should write about 100words on theANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name in the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write your address. ( 10points)
【参考范⽂】
Dear David,
How’s everything going? I am very delighted to receive your letter mentioning that you wondered whether to go to the art fair or the robot show. I am writing this letter to provide my tip for you.
As an experienced person who has participated in both activities, I suggest you attend the art exhibition. First, the art exhibition you mentioned is rather well-known in the industry, bringing together the works of many outstanding artists from all over the world, such as Leonardo da Vinci and Van Gogh. In addition, so far as I know, you have always been passionate about painting, and this is an excellent opportunity to arouse your interests in exploring something deeper in this field.
I do hope that my suggestion is helpful, and ifyou need any further information, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely,
Li Ming
Part B
48.Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150words on theANSWER SHEET.( 15points)
健康素养(health literacy) 是指个⼈获取和理解基本健康信息和服务，并运⽤这些信息和服务做出正确决策，以维护和促进⾃身健康的能⼒。健康素养⽔平指具备基本健康的⼈在总⼈群(15-69 岁城乡居⺠) 中所占的⽐例。
【参考范⽂】
What is explicitly presented in the above line chart is the level of residents’ health literacy in China during 2012 to 2021. According to the chart, this period witnessed a slight upward trend, from 8.8% in 2012 to 25.4% in 2021, reaching the highest point.
I hold that several driving factors can account for the phenomenon, and I would like to illustrate three most critical ones as follows. To start with, it is obvious that this trend is closely bound up with the guidance of relevant policies to promote health literacy that have implemented over the past decade. Owing to these policies, citizens realize that attaching importance to it is beneficial to themselves and have more chance to pay attention to it. In
addition, under no circumstances can we deny that the population of today aspire to give priority to health literacy, so there are more and more people who are willing to learn knowledge regarding how to maintain and promote their ability to ensure health literacy. What ’s more, with the economy booming and society advancing, the rapid growth of personal wealth has laid a solid basis for people to afford heath care.
Taking all these factors into consideration, we may come to the conclusion that the current trend will go on in the future.