英语翻译基础期末复习资料
英语翻译基础期末复习资料
I. Fill in the blanks：( 2 points for each, 20 points )
1. 在中国近代翻译史上，最引人瞩目的翻译家是严复和_________。
2. 比较全面而明确的_________标准是清代翻译家严复于1898年在其《天演
论-译例言》中提出的“___________”。
3. 社会符号学派认为翻译是一种_______________活动。
4. __________是最早将翻译的范围从宗教以及文学扩大到_____________的
翻译家。
5. __________学派认为翻译是两种语言的话语转换活动。
6. 一般认为，中国历史上出现过三次翻译高潮：东汉至唐宋的__________、
明末清初的_____________和鸦片战争至“五四运动”期间____________
和文学翻译。
7. 翻译是一门_________学科，它集语言学、_________、心理学、信息论等于一身，
涉及政治、__________、文化、科技等诸多领域。
8. 从翻译的方向看，据我国的_______实践而言，可分为外译汉和 _______两大类。
9. 从翻译的题材上看，可分为_________翻译和_________翻译。
10. 在学习翻译的初级阶段，外语水平主要指_________和_________，两者缺一不可。
11. ___________研究的是翻译时所采用的各种方法问题。
12. 在翻译理论中，既要继承“____________”的理论传统，又要借鉴西方科学的____________理论。
13. 严复是第一个__________介绍西方资产阶级政治制度、学术及________，对当时思想界产生了很大的影响的人。
14. 林纾翻译的小说语言优美，林译小说为中国________开了一代风气。
15. 最能代表林纾翻译水平的作品有《巴黎茶花女遗事》和___________.
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II. Translate the following phrases into Chinese or English：(2 points for each, 20 points)
A.
1. heavy traffic
2. a wet blanket
3. walls have ears
4. the heel of Achilles
5. floor exercises
6. Pay attention to Public Hygiene
7. basic allowance
8. opening up
9. special economic zone
10. blessed faculties
11. after one’s own heart
12. a bed of roses
13. a gentleman’s agreement
14. Pandora‘s box
15. burn the midnight oil
B．
1. 安乐窝
2. 红茶
3. 玩的开心
4. 过着安逸舒适的生活
5. 逃学
6. 克尽厥职
7. 开夜车
8. 君子协议
10. 出生证明
11. 花露水
12. 烟瘾很大的人
13. 灾难之源
14. 今天不营业
15. 称心如意
III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese/English (3 points for each, 30points):
A．
1. Wherever the sea is, you will find seamen.
2. Rain or shine, I will go there.
3. Nowadays it is not difficult to go abroad.
4. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
5. He cannot but agree.
6. The sun gives light and heat.
7. I had a light meal because I got a bad cold.
8. A doctor’s duty is to make every effort to save the dying and the wounded.
9. Don’t cross the bridge till you get it.
10. He is still wet behind the ears.
11. All that gliters is not gold
12. The good die young
13. Blood is thicker than water
14. Every dog has his day
15. A little pot is soon hot
B．
1. 闪光的不都是金子
2. 他抽烟有三年了
3. 不自由，毋宁死。
4. 这本书没有给我留下什么印象。
5. 年轻人总是对未来怀着梦想。
6. 他反对改革。
7. 好人命不长
8. 这就是锌。
9. 他整整5英尺高。
10. 人人都有出头的日子
11. 你越仔细越好。
12. 人小火气大
13. 人人难免有过失。
14. 只有奇迹才能够救他。
15. 血浓于水
IV. Translate the short passage into Chinese ( 30 points for the whole):
On Learning Foreign Language
After spending a couple of weeks talking to Americans in Moscow, and listening through a wall to the life of the Russians, I decided to learn the language. I did not want to collect bits of second-hand information. I did not want information. I wanted the feeling of life under a proletarian dictatorship, and there was only one way to get it. I had been puttering along with my grammar and with Lhermontov and Pushkin, reading at them in the same dreadful way that we used to read at Horace and Virgil. That was not learning anything.
I have my own system for learning foreign language, which is based upon a profound knowledge of the human heart, and which I will here with some reservations impart to the reader. The first thing to do is to go to the capital of the country where that language is spoken, and buy a grammar, two little red dictionaries, and a railroad ticket. The railroad ticket should take you as far away from the capital as possible, clear out of the sound of your own language, and preferably to a summer resort. The reason for this is that you are going to have a good time, and you need company.
What Makes a Teacher
It is customary for adults to forget how hard and dull and long school is. The learning by memory of all the basic things one must know is a most incredible and unending effort. Learning to read is probably the most difficult and revolutionary thing that happens to the human brain and if you don’t believe that, watch an illiterate adult try to do it. School is not easy and it is not for the most part very much fun, but then, if you are very lucky, you may find a real teacher. Three real teachers in a lifetime is the very best of my luck. My first was a science and math teacher in high school, my second, a professor of creative writing at Stanford, and my third was my friend and partner, Ed Ricketts.
I have come to believe that a great teacher is a great artist and that there are as few as there are any other great artists. It might even be the greatest of the arts since the medium is the human mind and spirit.
My three teacher had these things in common: They all loved what they were doing. They did not tell, they catalyzed a burning desire to know. Under their influence, the horizons sprung wide and fear wear went away and the unknown became knowable. But most important of all, the truth, that dangerous stuff, became beautiful and very precious.
Sleep
Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. there are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When you fist drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, you temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing well slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep. slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40to 69 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain will show the large slow waves that are known asthe delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.
You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. the delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep----only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later
The Newly Fallen Snow
The first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently, all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the landscape, and the leafless trees, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacy of their branches! What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled; every noise changed to something soft and musical.
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