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2016考研英语:倒装句

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  倒装句也属于特殊句式的一种,且种类多结构杂,但好在难度并不高,只要足够耐心就没问题,下面我们就来具体看一下。
 
  一、完全倒装
 
  1.表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语位于句首,主语是名词,符合上述两个条件,主语和谓语可完全倒装。标志词为:here there up down in out away off then on the hill in the river等。倒装结构:主语+谓语”变为“谓语+主语”,成分形式没有变化,句子内容不增不减。
 
  【例句】
 
  The soccer fans rushed out.
 
  =Out rushed the soccer fans.
 
  球迷们冲了出去。
 
  2.such位于句首时,主谓完全倒装。
 
  【例句】Such was Norman Bethune a noble person a pure person a moral person and a vulgar person.这就是白求恩,一个高尚的人,一个纯粹的人,一个有道德的人,一个脱离了低级趣味的人。
 
  二、部分倒装
 
  部分倒装指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装**主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do doesdid,并将其置于主语之前。
 
  英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必需的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。倒装句是最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调。
 
  1.Only引导的倒装句
 
  Only+状语+特定的动词+主+谓
 
  特定的动词包括:
 
  助动词:do does did have has had
 
  情态动词:can could shall should will
 
  be动词:am is are was were
 
  【例句】
 
  Because you gave someone a ring I stumbled.
 
  =Only because you gave someone a ring did I stumble.
 
  因为你打了个电话,所以我绊倒了。
 
  2.否定词提前**句首主谓部分倒装
 
  结构:否定副词+特定动词+主语+谓语
 
  1)否定副词
 
  常用否定副词:not no never neither
 
  特殊否定副词:seldom few little barely hardly scarcely rarely in vain
 
  2)特定动词
 
  助动词,情态动词,be动词
 
  ①No sooner…than scarcely/hardly…when表示否定意义的词位于句首时常用部分倒装
 
  【例句】
 
  When I saw you for the first time I fell in love deeply with you.
 
  =No sooner had I seen you for the first time than I fell in love deeply with you.
 
  =Hardly had I seen you for the first time when I fell in love deeply with you.
 
  当我看见你的时候,就深深地爱上了你。
 
  ②Not only+特定动词+主语+谓语,but also+主语+谓语
 
  【例句】
 
  Internet has changed our living habit and enhanced the efficiency of the government.
 
  =Not only has Internet changed our living habit but also enhanced the efficiency of the government.
 
  网络不仅改变了我们的生活习惯也提高了政府的工作效率。
 
  3.so…that结构倒装句:so为副词,副词修饰动词、形容词以及副词本身。因此有两种形式的so…that倒装
 
  1)主语+ be so+表语(形容词)+that+从句(结果状语从句)
 
  变倒装:so+表语(形容词)+be+主语+that+从句(结果状语从句)
 
  【例句】
 
  The food price is so high that we cannot afford any more.
 
  =So high is the food price that we cannot afford any more.
 
  菜价如此之高,我们都承受不起。
 
  2)主语+谓语+so+副词(状语)+that+从句(结果状语从句)
 
  变倒装:so+副词(状语)+特定动词(助动词或情态动词)+主语+谓语+that+从句(结果状语从句)
 
  【例句】
 
  You said your phone number so fast that I hardly wrote it down.
 
  =So fast did you say your phone number that I hardly wrote it down.
 
  你刚才电话号码说得太快了,我没有记录下来。
 
  4.让步状语从句
 
  1)表语倒装
 
  Although主语+系语+表语,主句
 
  变倒装:表语+as/though+主语+系语,主句
 
  【例句】
 
  Although many consumers are clever they are always deceived by advertisements.
 
  =Clever as/though many consumers are they are always deceived by advertisements.
 
  尽管很多消费者很聪明,但还是老上广告的当。
 
  2)谓语动词的倒装
 
  Although+主语+特定动词+谓语,主句
 
  变倒装:谓语+as/though+主语+特定动词,主句
 
  【例句】
 
  Although you may object I’ll go.
 
  =Object as you may I’ll go.
 
  纵使你反对,我也要去。
 
  3)状语的倒装
 
  Although主语+谓语+状语,主句
 
  变倒装:状语+as/though+主语+谓语,主句
 
  【例句】
 
  Although I like Paris much I couldn’t live there.
 
  =Much as I like Paris I couldn’t live there.
 
  尽管我喜欢巴黎,但我不能住在那里。
 
  关于倒装句的知识大概就这些,希望大家能在平时练习中多多体会和练习,不要想一口吃个胖子,持之以恒方能看出差距。
 
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