一、非谓语作主语
非谓语作主语在三种形式的非谓语中,不定式和现在分词可以直接作主语。
1.现在分词作主语,一般表示该动作已经成为一种习惯,例如:
Having a sponsor dramatically improves a woman’s career prospects.若拥有一个赞助者,女性的职业前景将会得到明显改善。
Reciting aloud is very helpful.大声背诵是大有裨益的。
Collecting dictionaries is rewarding.收集辞典回报丰厚。
使用现在分词充当主语时,常常用it作形式主语。例如:
It’s no use quarrelling. 吵架没有什么意义。
2.不定式作主语,常常表示还没发生,将要发生的事。例如:
To finish the book in ten weeks is very hard.十周之内编写好这本书是很困难的。
To recollect the past may mean aging.回忆过去也许是变老的表现。
同样,这里也可以使用it充当形式主语,以上句子改写后,成为:
It is very hard to finish the book in ten weeks.很难在十周内完成此书的编写工作。
It may mean aging to recollect the past.回忆过去也许是变老的表现。3. 一般而言,过去分词不能单独构成主语成分,除非借助于其他结构,例如:
Being cheated by his son makes him angry.被儿子欺骗一事,让他很是生气。
Having cheated his father makes him nervous.欺骗了自己的父亲,他显得很焦虑。
二、伴随状语
伴随状语状语从句的动作伴随主句发生,称为伴随状语。它所表达的动作(或者状态)是伴随着主句谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。可以使用以下几种形式来表示。
1.分词形式
The cat entered the room, following the mouse.猫跟着老鼠进了房间。
The mouse entered the room, followed by the cat.老鼠进了房间,后面跟着一只猫。
2.with结构
The old man was drunk,with his face red.老人喝醉了,满脸通红。
Facebook is examining ways to allow children under the age of 13 to use its service, with some form of parental supervision.
Facebook正在策划如何让13岁以下的儿童在父母某种形式的监督下使用其网络服务。
3.独立主格结构
The girl goes to restaurant, a dog accompanying her every day.
每天小女孩去餐厅的时候,身后都跟着一只狗。
4.形容词
Jack came back, full of money and stories.
杰克回来了,带回很多钞票和故事。
5.名词
Jack went away a beggar but returned a millionaire.
杰克离家时是一个乞丐,但再次登门时已是百万富翁。
6.介词短语
How can you go to the wedding ceremony in slippers?
你怎能穿着拖鞋去参加婚宴?
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