一、长难句训练题
1、The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought， which took root in Europe long beforepeople realized how diverse languages could be.
2、While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians， modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
3、In general， the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.
4、It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes， and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
5、How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount， reliability， and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
二、长难句训练题解析
1、
解析：
本句的主干即是：The Greeks assumed。That引导assumed的宾语从句，动词为had；which引导定语从句修饰前面的整个宾语从句，即希腊人的观点，句中动词是took；在此定语从句中，long before引导时间状语从句，动词是realized；其中how引导realized的宾语从句，从句动词为could be。
参考译文：
希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
2、
解析：
主句：modern practice most closely conforms to one；从句：让步状语从句While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians；比较状语从句as there are historians；定语从句that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past修饰one.
参考译文：
几乎每个历史学家对历史都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为，历史是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。
3、
解析：
主句：the tests work most effectively when... and least effectively when...，主句中潜逃了两个并列的时间状语从句when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined和when... can not be well defined，第二个时间状语从句中又嵌套了一个主语从句what is to be measured or predicted做此状语从句的主语。
参考译文：
一般地说，当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。
4、
解析：
主句：it is imagined，其中it为形式主语，而that引导的that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句，为真正的主语。
参考译文：
许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程（科学家的思维过程）相比，认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。
5、
解析：
主句：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount， reliability， and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom；主句中嵌套了一个how引导的主语从句：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance；定语从句with which it is interpreted修饰the skill and wisdom。
参考译文：
这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和恰当性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。
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