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Part A
Directions：
Read the
following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the
ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）
Text 1
France，
which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion，
has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical
beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law
that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
The
parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive
thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.
Such
measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be
defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the
ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring
themselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it
move take responsibility for the signal it sends women，
especially teenage girls， about the social tape -measure they
must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans，
if fully enforced ，would suggest to woman （and
many men ）that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And
perhaps faintly， they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like
character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist
physiques .
The French
measures， however， rely too much on severe punishment
to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.
Under the law， using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined
index of body mess could result in a $85，000 fine and
six months in prison.
The fashion
industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and
idealized body types. In Denmark， the United
States， and a few other countries， it is
trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more
on pear pressure for enforcement.
In contrast
to France's actions， Denmark's fashion industry agreed
last month on rules and sanctions regarding age， health，
and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical
charter clearly states， we are aware of and take
responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals，
especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny
access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week，
which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a
name-and -shame method of compliance.
Relying on
ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be
the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond
the material standards of a particular industry.
21.
According to the first paragraph， what would
happen in France?
[A] Physical beauty would be
redefined
[B] New
runways would be constructed
[C] Websites
about dieting would thrive
[D] The
fashion industry would decline
22. The
phrase "impinging on"（Line2 Para2）
is closest in meaning to
[A]
heightening the value of
[B]
indicating the state of
[C] losing
faith in
[D] doing harm to
23. Which of
the following is true of the fashion industry
[A] The
French measures have already failed
[B] New standards are being set
in Denmark
[C] Models
are no longer under peer pressure
[D] Its
inherent problems are getting worse
24. A
designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for
[A] setting
perfect physical conditions
[B] caring
too much about models' character
[C] showing little concern for
health factors
[D] pursuing
a high age threshold for models
25. Which of
the following maybe the best title of the text?
[A] A challenge to the Fashion
Industry's Body Ideals
[B] A
Dilemma for the starving models in France
[C] Just
Another Round of struggle for beauty
[D] The
Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
Text 2
For the
first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this
has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the
countryside" alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National
Health Service （NHS） as what make them proudest of their
country， this has limited political support.
A century
ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but
to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever". It was
specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could
experience "a refreshing air". Hill's pressure later led to the
creation of national parks and green belts. They don't make countryside any
more， and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant
guardianship.
At the next
election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The
Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over
conservation，
even
authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object. The
concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour
likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.
The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance，
has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green
land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local
conservative parties.
The sensible
place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities
and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently
identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone
with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The
idea that "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is
pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but，
as always， where to put them under lobby pressure，
George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He
favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market
but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.
They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their
character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?
Development
should be planned， not let trip，
After the Netherlands， Britain is Europe's most crowed
country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an
enviable rural coherence， while still permitting low-density
urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of
southern Portugal， Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this
rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political
spectrum.
26. Britain's
public sentiment about the countryside
[A] is not well reflected in
politics
[B] is fully
backed by the royal family
[C] didn't
start fill the Shakespearean age
[D] has
brought much benefit to the NHS
27.
According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National
Trust are now being
[A] largely
overshadowed
[B] properly
protected
[C]
effectively reinforced
[D] gradually destroyed
28. Which of
the following can be offered from paragraph 3
[A] Labour
is under attack for opposing development
[B] The
Conservatives may abandon "off-plan" building
[C] Ukip may gain from its
support for rural conservation
[D] The
Liberal Democrats are losing political influence
29. The
author holds that George Osbornes's preference
[A] shows
his disregard for the character of rural area
[B] stresses
the necessity of easing the housing crisis
[C]
highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure
[D] reveals a strong prejudice
against urban areas
30. In the
last paragraph the author show his appreciation of
[A] the size
of population in Britain
[B] the
enviable urban lifestyle in Britain
[C] the town-and-country
planning in Britain
[D] the political life in
today's Britain
Text 3
"There
is one and only one social responsibility of business" wrote Milton
Friedman， a Nobel Prize-winning economist "That is，
to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits."
But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social
responsibility（CSR） policies as a waste of
shareholders's money， things may not be absolutely clear-act.
New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least
when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest
firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR，
according to an estimate by EPG， a consulting firm. This could add
value to their businesses in three ways. First， consumers
may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of
high quality. Second， customers may be willing to buy a
company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps.
And third， through a more diffuse "halo effect" whereby its good
deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous
studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers
can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by
looking at bribery prosecutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It
argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of
their investigations，they could be influenced only by the
halo effect.
The study
found that，among prosecuted firms，those with
the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.
Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence，
rather than their CSR stand， that accounted for the leniency：
Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower
fines.
In all，
the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based
on its merits， they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR.
"We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern，
such as child labour， or increasing corporate giving by
about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical
punishment for bribing foreign officials." says one researcher.
Researchers
admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses
ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the
halo effect， rather than the other possible benefits，
when they companies get into trouble with the law， evidence of
good character can win them a less costly punishment.
31. The
author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with
[A]uncertainty
[B]skepticism
[C]approval
[D]tolerance
32.
According to Paragraph 2， CSR helps a company by
[A]guarding
it against malpractices
[B]protecting
it from consumers
[C]winning trust from consumers.
[D]raising
the quality of its products
33. The
expression "more lenient"（line 2，Para.4）is
closest in meaning to
[A]less
controversial
[B]more
lasting
[C]more
effective
[D]less severe
34. When
prosecutors evaluate a case， a company's CSR record
[A]comes
across as reliable evidence
[B]has an impact on their
decision
[C]increases
the chance of being penalized
[D]constitutes
part of the investigation
35. Which of
the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?
[A] The necessary amount of
companies spending on it is unknown
[B]
Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimated
[C] Its
negative effects on businesses are often overlooked
[D]It has
brought much benefit to the banking industry
Text 4
There will
eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on
newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime
in the future，" the paper's publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia
for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside， there's
plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a
physical newspaper - printing presses， delivery
trucks - isn't just expensive； it's excessive at a time when
online - only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints.
Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still
dwarf their online and mobile counterparts， revenue
from print is still declining.
Overhead may
be high and circulation lower， but rushing to eliminate its print
edition would be a mistake， says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
Peretti says
the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business，
but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to
accelerate that transition would make sense for them，"
he said， "but if you discontinue it， you're
going have your most loyal customers really upset with you."
Sometimes
that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix
discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen
as blunder，" he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if
Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print，"
he said "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."
The most
loyal customers would still get the product they favor，
the idea goes， and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of
something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print，
you could feel like you were helping，" Peretti
said. "Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to
generate additional revenue." In other words， if you're
going to make a print product， make it for the people who are
already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting
the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year - more than twice as much as a digital -
only subscription.
"It's a
really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have
a legacy business，" Peretti remarked. "But
we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that
don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those
situations， it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."
36. The New
York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due to
[A] the
increasing online and sales
[B] the
pressure from its investors
[C] the
complaints from its readers
[D] the high cost of operation
37. Peretti
suggests that in face of the present situation， The Times
should
[A] make strategic adjustments
[B] end the
print sedition for good
[C] seek new
sources of leadership
[D] aim for
efficient management
38. It can
be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a " legacy product"
[A] helps
restore the glory of former times
[B] is meant for the most loyal
customers
[C] will
have the cost of printing reduced
[D] expands
the popularity of the paper
39. Peretti
believes that in a changing world
[A]
traditional luxuries can stay unaffected
[B]
cautiousness facilitates problem-solving
[C] aggressiveness better meets
challenges
[D] legacy
businesses are becoming out dated
40. which of
the following would be the best title of the text?
[A] shift to
online newspapers all at once
[B] Cherish
the Newspapers still in Your Hand
[C] keep
Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion
[D] Make Your print Newspapers
a luxury Good
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