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Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text． Choose the best word （s） for each numbered blank
and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET． （10 points）
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding
"yes！" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to
people you care about， it turns out that hugs
can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind． Believe it or not， a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick
this winter．
In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults， researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania
examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants'
susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus ．People who perceived greater social support were less likely to
come 8 with a cold ，and the researchers
9 that the stress－reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32
percent of that beneficial effect． 11 among those who got
a cold， the ones who felt greater
social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ．
"Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk
for colds that's usually 14 with stress，" notes Sheldon Cohen， a professor of psychology at Carnegie． Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15
the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty．"
Some experts 17 the stress－reducing ， health－related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin， often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it
promotes attachment in relationships， including that between mother and their newborn babies． Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part
of the brain ， and some of it is released
into the bloodstream． But some of it 19 in the
brain， where it 20 mood， behavior and physiology．
1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout
【答案】[B] Besides
2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior
【答案】[A] connected
3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host
【答案】[D] host
4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep
【答案】[C] avoid
5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting
【答案】[B] involving
6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on
【答案】[D] on
7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted
【答案】[B] exposed
8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out
【答案】[C] down
9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined
【答案】[A] calculated
10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained
【答案】[D] explained
11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus
【答案】[A] Even
12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors
【答案】[B] symptoms
13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased
【答案】[D] increased
14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared
【答案】[B] associated
15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record
【答案】[C] generate
16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of
【答案】[A] in the face of
17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return
【答案】[C] attribute
18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until
【答案】[A] because
19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases
【答案】[C] remains
20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences
【答案】[D]influences
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts． Answer the questions below each text by choosing
A， B， C or D． Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET． （40 points）
Text 1
First two hours ， now three hours－this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show
up to catch a domestic flight ， at least at some major
U．S． airports with increasingly massive security lines．
Americans are willing to tolerate time－consuming security procedures in return for increased safety． The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804，which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ，provides another tragic reminder of why． But demanding too much of air travelers or providing
too little security in return undermines public support for the process． And it should： Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and
private lives， not to mention infuriating．
Last year， the Transportation Security
Administration （TSA） found in a secret check that undercover investigators
were able to sneak weapons－－－both fake and
real－past airport security nearly every time
they tried ．Enhanced security measures since then， combined with a rise in airline travel due to the
improving Chicago's O'Hare International ．It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become－but the lines are obvious．
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep
increase in airline travel ， so the TSA is now rushing
to get new screeners on the line． Part of the issue is that airports have only so much
room for screening lanes． Another factor may be
that more people are trying to overpack their carry－on bags to avoid checked－baggage fees， though the airlines strongly
dispute this．
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling
airports or rushing to hire： Enroll more people in
the PreCheck program． PreCheck is supposed to
be a win－win for travelers and the TSA． Passengers who pass a background check are eligible
to use expedited screening lanes． This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people
in PreCheck．
It has not gotten anywhere close to that， and one big reason is sticker shock． Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process
their background checks． Since the beginning， this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw． Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more
reasonable level． But Congress should look
into doing so directly， by helping to finance
PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways．
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck
lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines． It is long past time to make the program work．
21． the crash of Egypt Air
Flight 804 is mentioned to
[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide．
[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports．
[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks．
[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection．
【答案】[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks．
22． which of the following
contributions to long waits at major airport?
[A] New restrictions on carry－on bags．
[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA．
[C] An increase in the number of travelers．
[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks．
【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers．
23．The word "expedited" （Line 4， Para．5） is closest in meaning
to
[A] faster．
[B] quieter．
[C] wider．
[D] cheaper．
【答案】[A] faster．
24． One problem with the PreCheck
program is
[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale．
[B] Its wrongly－directed implementation．
[C] The government's reluctance to back it．
[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment．
【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment．
25． Which of the following
would be the best title for the text?
[A] Less Screening for More Safety
[B] PreCheck－a Belated Solution
[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes
【答案】[B] PreCheck－a Belated Solution
Text 2
"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers，" wrote Queen Liliuokalani， Hawaii's last reigning monarch， in 1897． Star watchers were among the most esteemed members
of Hawaiian society． Sadly， all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today． Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty
Meter Telescope（TMT）， a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize
humanity's view of the cosmos．
At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea， a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as
the piko ， that connects the Hawaiian
Islands to the heavens． But Mauna Kea is also
home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes． Rested in the Pacific Ocean， Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's
dense atmosphere， where conditions allow
telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity．
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new． A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments
have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder
of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation．
Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers． In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes， they forgot that science is the only way of understanding
the world． They did not always prioritize
the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's
inhabitants． Hawaiian culture is not
a relic of the past； it is a living culture
undergoing a renaissance today．
Yet science has a cultural history， too， with roots going back to the dawn of civilization． The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon
that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today
to explore the heavens． Calls to disassemble all
telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that
astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are， where we come from and where we are going． Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies， as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves
and our true ancestral homes．
The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of
Mauna Kea． The TMT site was chosen
to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological
and environmental impact． To limit the number of
telescopes on Mauna Kea， old ones will be removed
at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state． There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed
on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars．
26． Queen Liliuokalani's remark
in Paragraph 1 indicates
[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy．
[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society．
[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times．
[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time．
【答案】[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society．
27． Mauna Kea is deemed as
an ideal astronomical site due to
[A] its geographical features
[B] its protective surroundings．
[C] its religious implications．
[D] its existing infrastructure．
【答案】[A] its geographical features
28． The construction of the TMT is opposed by
some locals partly because
[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life．
[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history．
[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival．
[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea．
【答案】[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history．
29． It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that
progress in today's astronomy
[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians．
[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world．
[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture．
[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility．
【答案】[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture．
30． The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna
Kea as the TMT site is one of
[A] severe criticism．
[B] passive acceptance．
[C] slight hesitancy．
[D] full approval．
【答案】[D] full approval．
Text 3
Robert F． Kennedy once said that
a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile．" With Britain voting to leave the European Union， and GDP already predicted to slow as a result， it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring
to．
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for
over half a century． Many argue that it is
a flawed concept． It measures things that
do not matter and misses things that do． By most recent measures， the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world， with record low unemployment and high growth figures． If everything was going so well， then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit， despite the warnings about what it could do to their
country's economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth
into well－being sheds some light on that question． Across the 163 countries measured， the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring
that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens． Rather than just focusing on GDP， over 40 different sets of criteria from health， education and civil society engagement have been
measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing．
While all of these countries face their own challenges ， there are a number of consistent themes ． Yes ， there has been a budding economic recovery since
the 2008 global crash ， but in key indicators
in areas such as health and education ， major economies have continued to decline ． Yet this isn't the case with all countries ． Some relatively poor European countries have seen
huge improvements across measures including civil society ， income equality and the environment．
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn ： When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure
of a country's success， the world looks very different ．
So， what Kennedy was referring
to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic
activity of nations ， as a measure ， it is no longer enough ． It does not include important factors such as environmental
quality or education outcomes － all things that contribute to a person's sense of
well－being．
The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could
lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well－being and for growth ． But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving
well－being rather than simply worrying about
GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress ．
31．Robert F． Kennedy is cited because he
[A]praised the UK for its GDP．
[B]identified GDP with happiness ．
[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP ．
[D]had a low opinion of GDP ．
【答案】[D] had a low opinion of GDP
32．It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that
[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern ．
[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK ．
[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy ．
[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP ．
【答案】[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK ．
33．Which of the following is true about the
recent annual study ?
[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries ．
[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator．
[C]Its criteria are questionable ．
[D]Its results are enlightening ．
【答案】[D]Its results are enlightening ．
34．In the last two paragraphs ， the author suggests that
[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom ．
[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline ．
[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP ．
[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues ．
【答案】[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP ．
35．Which of the following is the best title
for the text ?
[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well－being ， a UK Lesson
[B]GDP Figures， a Window on Global Economic
Health
[C]Rebort F．Kennedy， a Terminator of GDP
[D]Brexit， the UK's Gateway to Well－being
【答案】[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well－being ， a UK Lesson
Text 4
In a rare unanimous ruling， the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption
conviction of a former Virginia governor， Robert McDonnell． But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics
of his conduct， which included accepting
gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access
to government．
The high court's decision said the judge in Mr． McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must
look only at his "official acts，" or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and
"unsettled" issues related to his duties．
Merely helping a gift－giver gain access to other officials， unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials， is not corruption， the justices found．
The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors
is "distasteful" and "nasty．" But under anti－bribery laws， proof must be made of
concrete benefits， such as approval of a
contract or regulation． Simply arranging a meeting， making a phone call， or hosting an event is not an "official act"．
The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism
that is not criminal． Elected leaders must be
allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution
for bribery．" The basic
compact underlying representative government，" wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court，" assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents
and act on their concerns．"
But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives， not the courts， to ensure equality of access to government． Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in
providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group
provides a campaign donation or a personal gift． This type of integrity requires well－enforced laws in government transparency， such as records of official meetings， rules on lobbying， and information about each elected leader's source
of wealth．
Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption． But it is not always corruption． Rather officials must avoid double standards， or different types of access for average people and
the wealthy． If connections can be
bought， a basic premise of democratic
society－that all are equal in treatment by government－is undermined． Good governance rests
on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual．
The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption
and official favoritism．
36． The undermined sentence （Para．1） most probably shows that
the court
[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties．
[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell．
[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct．
[D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics．
【答案】[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct．
37． According to Paragraph
4， an official act is deemed
corruptive only if it involves
[A] leaking secrets intentionally．
[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts．
[C] concrete returns for gift－givers．
[D] breaking contracts officially．
【答案】[C] concrete returns for gift－givers．
38． The court's ruling is
based on the assumption that public officials are
[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents．
[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues．
[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters．
[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism．
【答案】[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents．
39． Well－enforced laws in government transparency are needed to
[A] awaken the conscience of officials．
[B] guarantee fair play in official access．
[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying．
[D] inspire hopes in average people．
【答案】[B] guarantee fair play in official access．
40． The author's attitude
toward the court's ruling is
[A] sarcastic．
[B] tolerant．
[C] skeptical．
[D] supportive
【答案】[D] supportive
Part B
Directions：
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order． For Questions 41－45， you are required to reorganize
these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A－G to filling them into the numbered box． Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed． Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET． （10 points）
[A]The first published sketch， "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears
to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine． From then on his sketches ，which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening
Chronicle， earned him a modest reputation．
[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers， as it is generally known today， secured Dickens's fame． There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars， and the plump， spectacled hero， Samuel Pickwick， became a national figure．
[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared， a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story
in monthly installments， as a backdrop for a series
of woodcuts by the ten－famous artist
Robert Seymour， who had originated the
idea for the story． With characteristic confidence， Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures
illustrate his own story instead． After the first installment， Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct
a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose． Seymour made the change， went into his backyard， and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide． Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with
a new artist． The comic novel， The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club， appeared serially in 1836 and 1837， and was first published in book form in 1837．
[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best－known and， to many people， the greatest English novelist of the 19th century． A moralist， satirist， and social reformer． Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters
that capture the panorama of English society．
[E]Soon after his father's release from prison， Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices． He taught himself shorthand to get an even better
job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament． At the same time， Dickens， who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life
around him especially anything comic or odd， submitted short sketches to obscure magazines．
[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth， on England's southern coast． His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office －a respectable position， but wish little social status． His paternal grandparents， a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status， having been servants， and Dickens later concealed their background． Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable
family． Yet two years before Dicken's
birth， his mother's father was
caught stealing and fled to Europe， never to return． The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out
of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse， a shoe－polish factory， where the other working
boys mocked him as "the young gentleman．" His father was then imprisoned for debt． The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and
his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his
deepest secret． He could not confide them
even to his wife， although they provide
the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction．
[G] After Pickwick， Dickens plunged into a
bleaker world． In Oliver Twist， e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse
to the criminal slums of London． Nicholas Nickleby， his next novel， combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight
of Pickwick． The popularity of these
novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man
of letters．
D → 41． → 42． → 43． → 44． → B →45．
【答案】
41． [F] Dickens was born in
Portsmouth
42． [E] Soon after his father's
release from prison
43． [A]The first published
sketch
44． [C]Soon after Sketches
by Boz appeared
45． [G] After Pickwick， Dickens plunged into a bleaker world
Part C
Directions：
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined
segments into Chinese． Your translation should
be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET． （10 points）
The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for
international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades．
（46）But even as the number of English speakers
expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may
fade within the foreseeable future．
Complex international， economic， technological and culture change could start to diminish
the leading position of English as the language of the world market， and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath
of English usage would consequently face new pressures． Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in
the study presented by David Graddol
（47）His analysis should therefore end any self－contentedness among those who may believe that the global position
of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need
additional language capabilities．
David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak
economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving
to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies
and organizations． Alongside that，（48）many countries
are introducing English into the primary－school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear
to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages．
If left to themselves， such trends will diminish the relative strength of
the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational
resources in languages， such as Spanish ，Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing
in other language such as Japanese， French and German， spreads．
（49）The changes identified by David Graddol
all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching
to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors． The English language teaching sector directly earns
nearly &1．3 billion for
the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to
&10 billion a year more． As the international education
market expands， the recent slowdown in
the number of international students studying in the main English－speaking countries is likely to continue， especially if there are no effective strategic policies
to prevent such slippage．
The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study
is significant：（50） It gives a basis to all organization which seek to
promote the learning and very different operating environment． That is a necessary and practical approach． In this as in much else， those who wish to influence the future must prepare
for it．
【答案】
（46） 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
（47） 因此，对于那些认为英语的国际地位无懈可击、甚**觉得他们的年青后辈们不需要学习其他语言的人而言，他的分析可能会给他们的骄傲自大画上一个句号。
（48） 众多国家正在将英语引进小学课程，但是，毫不夸张地说，英国学童和学生似乎没有受到更多的鼓励去学会流利地使用其他语言。
（49） 大卫·葛拉尔多所发现的变化给教授他国人士英语的英国机构以及更广阔的教育市场带来了显而易见的巨大挑战。
（50）这给所有致力于推广英语学习和使用的机构提供了一个制定规划的依据，让我们能够应对未来完全不同的操作环境里出现的各种可能性。
Section III Writing
Part A
51． Directions：
You are to write an email to James Cook ， a newly－arrived Australian professor ， recommending some tourist attractions in your city ． Please give reasons for
your recommendation ．
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET ．
Do not sign your own name at the end of the email ． Use "Li Ming" instead．
Do not write the address ． （10 points）
【参考范文】
Dear James Cook，
Welcome to China！ I'm writing this email
to recommend some scenic spots in Beijing to you so that you can have a wonderful
time here．
First of all， you could have a visit
to the Summer Palace and Forbidden City， which are renowned for its old buildings and diverse
cultures． After that， it is advisable to go to Wang Fujing， where you can have a taste of some delicious local
food while enjoying the traditional culture． Finally， you can go to the National Museum， in which some traditional art exhibitions are being
held． What do you think of my
plans?
I sincerely hope that you could enjoy yourselves in Beijing and it
will be my pleasure to be your guide．
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
Part B
52． Directions：
Write an essay of 160－200 words based on the following pictures． In your essay ， you should
1）describe the pictures briefly，
2）interpret the meaning ， and
3）give your comments．
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．（ 20 points ）
【参考范文】
Portrayed in the two cartoons is thought－provoking： In the left one， a young man， comfortably lounging on the chair， is looking at his huge bookshelf full of books contentedly， while the other， in the right drawing， is determined to finish reading 20 books in a year．
By this scenario， the cartoonist is trying
to awaken us to the importance of reading and sticking to our goals． It is universally held that with the advance of modern
society， only those equipped with
updated knowledge which requires constant reading are most likely to reach the summit
of the success． Conversely， without persistent learning and taking actions， our objectives are bound to be a fantasy． Indeed， people fail always because they stop trying， not because they encounter invincible difficulties．
From what has been mentioned above， we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that only
those who keep learning and cherish the spirit of persistence have opportunities
to succeed． Therefore， such essence is an important virtue worthy of being
fostered． If you understand and
adhere to this principle in your study and work， you will definitely benefit greatly．
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