Ⅰ . 词汇语法

  1. The suspect at last admitted ____ the stolen goods but he denied ____ them.

  A. receiving...selling B. to receive...selling C. receiving...to sell D. to

  receive...to sell

  2. How close parents are to their children ____ a strong influence on the character

  of the children.

  A. have B. has C. having D. to have

  3. ____ on a clear day， far from the city crowds， the mountains give him a sense

  of infinite peace.

  A. If walking B. Walking C. While walking D. When one is walking

  4. If only I ____ what you wanted！

  A. knew B. know C. had known D. have known

  5. He was reading a piece of science fiction， completely ____ to the outside world.

  A. to be lost B. lost C. losing D. having lost

  6. I’d rather that they ____ during the bad weather， but they insist that they must

  return home today.

  A. don’t travel B. didn’t travel C. shouldn’t travel D. not travel

  7. When he graduated from high school he got his ____.

  A. diplomat B. certificate C. degree D identity

  8. These varied racial groups have learned to live together in peace and ____， setting

  an example well worth following.

  A. harmony B. grace C. rhythm D. relief

  9. In 1914， an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe

  ____ Europe into a great war.

  A. imposed B. pitched C. inserted D. plunged

  10.____， he is always modest.

  A. With all his profound knowledge B. Because of all his profound knowledge

  C. With his all profound knowledge D. For his profound knowledge

  11. His honesty is ____ ； nobody can doubt it.

  A. in question B. out of question C. beside the question D. without question

  12. When cooking a delicious dish， this kind of spice ____ into account.

  A. must be taken B. was taken C. had been taken D. would have been taken

  13. It was not until he took up fishing that he ____ to relax.

  A. had been beginning B. began C. had begun D. beginning

  14. As there was a power cut in the hospital， the surgeon had to ____ the operation.

  A. call for B. call off C. call on D. call out

  15. All the information we have collected in relation to that case ______ very little.

  A. comes up to B. makes up for C. stands up for D. adds up to

  Ⅱ. 阅读理解

  A

  Health regulators on Friday detained nine shipments of orange juice from Brazil and

  Canada that contained traces of an illegal fungicide， and rejected industry calls

  to overhaul the way they test for the banned substance.

  The Food and Drug Administration said carbendazim would remain illegal for citrus

  in any amount in the United States. Brazil and U.S. industry groups asked the FDA

  to reconsider its stance on the fungicide， widely used in Brazil to combat blight

  blossom and black spot， a type of mold that grows on orange trees. The FDA started

  testing for the fungicide on January 4， after an alert from Co-ca-Cola， roiling

  orange juice futures to record highs as traders feared a prolonged disruption to

  supply.

  Orange juice futures jumped almost 3 percent on Friday after the FDA announcement.

  Traders also fretted that the fungicide testing would further dent demand if it

  translated into higher prices for consumers， or sparked fears of a health risk.

  Brazilian orange juice makes up about half of all U.S. imports， and meets more than

  a tenth of domestic demand. The U.S. Juice Products Association and Brazil’s

  CitrusBR urged the FDA to raise the amount of the fungicide， carbendazim， it will

  allow into the country by raising the legal limit for frozen concentrated juice.

  “If this were considered， the whole problem would have been already resolved，”

  CitrusBR’s Christian Lohbauer told reporters on Friday.

  rst public efforts by the two countries’ industries to persuadeThese were the

  the FDA to restore juice imports into the United States since testing began almost

  a month ago. The industry groups called on the FDA to differentiate between

  ready-to-drink juice and frozen concentrate.

  Since the concentrate is diluted before drinking， the level could be close to 60

  parts per billion （ppb） without exceeding the FDA’s legal limit for drinkable juice，

  industry groups said.

  The FDA said any imports with detectable levels of fungicide， which means above 10

  ppb， would not be allowed in the country. The European Union allows 200 ppb， and

  the FDA has said any level of fungicide below 80 ppb poses no health risk. The agency

  did not recall any juice already on store shelves in the United States.

  Ready-to-drink juice， which makes up about 65 percent of Brazil’s juice shipments

  to the United States， does not seem to have a problem with traces of the fungicide.

  Only frozen juice spikes above the limit because it is in concentrate form and would

  be diluted for drinking， Lohbauer said.

  “The agency is using this lower maximum level ... because the letter of the law

  requires the agency to do so，” the U.S. Juice Products Association said in a

  statement， and said a higher tolerance level would be the logical choice to protect

  consumers.

  But the FDA did not budge on its testing policies.

  “We’ve stated before that we would test imports on an ‘as is’ basis， and that’s

  still our policy，” FDA spokeswoman Siobhan DeLancey said in an email.

  Brazil juice imports will continue to falter unless the FDA raises its tolerance

  nd an alternative way to keep trees freelevel for fungicide， or Brazilian growers

  from mold， growers said. However， U.S. consumers still have plenty of juice to drink

  for now because of a large crop this season， analysts said. The Brazilian juice

  industry said it would study alternatives if the United States continues to reject

  its juice shipments. The industry’s pressure on the FDA came after the agency

  announced on Friday that it had blocked three shipments of Brazilian orange juice

  and six from Canada that tested positive for carbendazim.

  Canada， which makes up less than 1 percent of U.S. imports， does not grow its own

  oranges， and traders assumed the Canadian juice was grown in Brazil. The South

  American country often ships juice to Toronto， to get it to consumers in Chicago.

  Of the six shipments detained from Canada， none had levels of fungicide higher than

  31 ppb， and most were below 20 ppb. The Brazilian shipments that tested positive

  had carbendazim levels between 20 ppb and 52 ppb. Two other Brazilian concentrate

  shipments tested positive for the fungicide， but the companies decided not to import

  the juice into the country， the FDA said. The FDA said 29 of the 80 orange juice

  samples it had taken since testing began on January 4 had no traces of carbendazim，

  including two from Brazil and seven from Canada.

  Importers will have 90 days to export or destroy the product， the agency said. The

  FDA said it would test all shipments twice， and detain any that tested positive for

  carbendazim at least once.

  In the United States， trace amounts of the fungicide are still allowed in 31 food

  types including grains， nuts and some non-citrus fruits. The fungicide had been

  allowed for citrus until 2009 as a temporary measure， regulators said.

  1. The attitude of the industry towards the way the FDA test for the banned

  substance is ______.

  A. skeptical B. ambiguous C. opposed D. favourable

  2. Why does the test for the fungicide have a great effect on orange juice futures?

  A. Because the fungicide does harm to the health of consumers.

  B. Because traders fear that it would affect the supply negatively.

  C. Because the test would increase the demand of orange juice.

  D. Because consumers demand the return.

  3. In paragraph 12， “on an ‘as is’ basis” means ______.

  A. on the basis of the new policy B. in the light of the industry calls

  C. according to the present policy D. in line with the European Union’s

  regulations

  4. How did the Brazilian juice industry react to the test?

  nd other solutions.A. They would

  B. They would stop exporting juice to the U.S.

  C. They would continue to put pressure on the FDA.

  D. They would stop importing products from the U.S.

  5. According to the FDA， what will importers do with the products?

  A. They have to recall the juice already on store shelves in the United States.

  B. They should help remove carbendazim out of the products.

  D. They should export or destroy the product within 90 days.

  B

  Older men considering robotic surgery for prostate cancer shouldn’t trust the rosy

  ads promoting

  the expensive technology over low-tech surgery. That’s according to a new survey

  that found complaints about sexual problems and urinary leakage were equally common

  after the two procedures.

  cer of the“I wasn’t surprised at all，” said Dr. Otis Brawley， chief medical of

  American Cancer Society， who wasn’t involved in the study. “Unfortunately， robotic

  prostatectomy—like many things in prostate cancer—has gotten a lot more hype than

  it should.”

  Robotic prostatectomy has caught on rapidly in the U.S.， despite the fact that there

  is no good evidence to show it’s better than traditional prostate removal. It is，

  however， much more costly， adding some $2，000 in hospital costs per procedure. The

  new study， published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology， is based on responses from

  more than 600 prostate cancer patients on Medicare， the government’s health

  insurance for the elderly. About 400 of them had so-called robotic-assisted

  laparoscopic prostatectomy， in which the surgeon uses a robot to access the prostate

  through multiple small holes in the belly. The rest of the patients had traditional

  open surgery， in which the prostate is removed through one long cut in the belly.

  Nearly nine out of ten men had a moderate or big problem with sexual functioning

  14 months after their surgery， Dr. Michael Barry of Massachusetts General Hospital

  in Boston and colleagues found. And about a third of the men said they had

  incontinence trouble after their surgery.

  Overall， there were no differences between the two patient groups， although urinary

  problems appeared to be slightly more common after the robot procedure.

  ndings “sobering，” but added that it’sAn editorial in the journal called the

  hard to compare the two procedures directly based on the new data. It’s possible，

  for instance， that men with high hopes for the robot procedure would be extra bothered

  by side effects afterward.

  “The problem that is revealed in this paper is this question of expectations，”

  said Dr. Matthew Cooperberg， a urologist who co-wrote the editorial. “There is a

  known issue of regret related to robotic surgery.”

  Part of the problem is heavy promotion， he told Reuters Health， which has catapulted

  robot surgery to its current status. Out of the tens of thousands prostate removals

  done annually in the US， some 85 percent are estimated to be robotic.

  “To an extent it’s the manufacturer， to an extent it’s surgeons， to an extent

  it’s a culture that tends to put great faith in technology， even when the patient

  doesn’t understand it，” said Cooperberg， of the University of California， San

  Francisco.

  “The robot is impressive technology， allowing the surgeon to sit at a console and

  direct a camera and two or three laparoscopic arms with six degrees of wristed motion

  cation andfor cutting， retracting， cauterizing， or suturing—all with high magni

  three-dimensional visualization，” Cooperberg and his colleagues write.

  The robots， which cost a couple of million dollars each， do have some advantages.

  For instance， they reduce blood loss， which helps surgeons see better when operating.

  But Cooperberg， who uses the technology himself， readily acknowledges that it

  probably doesn’t treat cancer any better than the old surgery and doesn’t have

  t in terms of side effects. He said patients considering surgery shouldproven bene

  look for experienced surgeons rather than focus on technology.

  “At the end of the day， these operations should only be done by surgeon who can

  demonstrate they have good outcomes，” Cooperberg told Reuters Health. “The

  patients should be asking the question， ‘Dr. Jones， What are your personal

  outcomes?’” he added. “If a surgeon can’t answer that question， I would suggest

  that patients look elsewhere.”

  Brawley agreed. “I would not be afraid to go interview doctors，” he said. “Go

  with your gut feeling about who you trust. Realize that every doctor you interview

  is going to try to make themselves look good.” But he added that many people with

  early-stage prostate cancer might not need treatment at all.

  One study found that more than 120，000 American men diagnosed with prostate cancer

  every year are ideal candidates for observation， or watchful waiting. Still， the

  majority of them end up having surgery， radiation or other treatment instead.

  “For a man who chooses to be aggressively treated I use that study to say， you have

  time to sit down and rationally choose what procedure to use，” Brawley told Reuters

  Health.

  1. We can infer from the passage that ______.

  A. robotic surgery is no more expensive than low-tech surgery

  B. both kinds of surgeries have sexual problems and urinary leakage

  C. robotic surgery is better than traditional one

  D. all the ads about robot prostatectomy are untruthful

  2. Which of the following statements about robotic-assisted prostatectomy or its

  effect is TRUE?

  A. A robot itself did surgery on the prostate.

  B. Nine men had a moderate or big problem with sexual functioning 14 months after

  their surgery.

  C. About a third of men said they had urinary leakage trouble after their surgery.

  D. Patients appeared to have urinary problems after the robotic surgery instead of

  traditional surgery.

  3. According to Cooperberg， many factors may have helped promote robot surgery to

  its current EXCEPT ______.

  A. patients’ common sense B. manufacturers

  C. surgeons D. great faith in technology

  4. Patients who are considering surgery should focus their attention on ______.

  A. surgery B. surgeons

  C. rosy ads D. responses from prostate cancer patients

  5. The author’s attitude towards robot prostatectomy is ______.

  A. subjective B. indifferent C. ambiguous D. objective

  C

  Seven years ago I stood on a bridge over the M40 doing a “piece to camera” for

  a report about spinal repair. The aim was to come up with a metaphor for how

  researchers at University College London were trying to overcome spinal cord

  paralysis.

  It went something like this： “Imagine your spinal cord as a motorway， the cars

  bres carrying messages from your brain totravelling up and down are the nerve

  all parts of the body. If this gets damaged the cars can’t travel. The messages

  are blocked， the patient is paralysed.

  Normally there is no way of repairing a severed spinal cord. But the team at UCL

  took nasal stem cells， and implanted them into the area of damage. These formed a

  bres re-grew and re-connected.bridge， along which the nerve

  The research at the Spinal Repair Unit at UCL involved rats， not humans. In my TV

  report we showed rats unable to climb a metal ladder after one of their front paws

  had been paralysed to mimic a spinal cord injury. But after an injection of stem

  cells， the rats were able to move nearly as well as uninjured animals.

  The hope then—and now—is that such animal experiments will translate into similar

  break-throughs with patients. Seven years on and the team at UCL led by Professor

  Geoff Raisman are still working on translating this into a proven therapy for

  cult and complex work and we want to ensure wepatients. He told me “this is dif

  get things right.” So it was with a sense of caution that I approached some Swiss

  research in the latest edition of the journal Science in which paralysed rats were

  able to walk again after a combination of electrical-chemical stimulation and

  rehabilitation training.

  The research prompted some newspaper reports talking of “new hope” for paralysed

  patients. The lead researcher， Professor Gregoire Courtine enthused： “This is the

  World-Cup of neuro-reha- bilitation. Our rats have become athletes when just weeks

  before they were completely paralysed.”

  A brief summary of the research is this： the team at the Federal Institute of

  Technology （FIT） in Lausanne injected chemicals into the paralysed rats aimed at

  stimulating neurons that control lower body movement. Shortly after the injection

  their spinal cords were stimulated with electrodes.

  The rats were placed in a harness on a treadmill which gave them the impression of

  having a working spinal column and they were encouraged to walk towards the end of

  a platform where a chocolate reward was waiting. Over time the animals learned to

  walk and even run again.

  The major question is this： What does this mean for humans who are paralysed?

  Prof. Courtine said he was optimistic patient trials would begin in “a year or two”

  at Balgrist University Hospital Spinal Cord Injury Centre in Zurich. Other

  ndings. Dr Elizabeth Bradbury， Medicalscientists gave a mixed response to the

  Research Council Senior Fellow， King’s College London， described the Swiss

  experiments as “elegant” and “ground-breaking”. But she said questions remained

  before its usefulness in humans could be determined.

  She said： “Firstly， will this approach work in contusion/compression type injuries?

  These injuries involve blunt trauma， bruising and compression of the spinal cord

  and are the most common form of human spinal cord injury. Very few human spinal cord

  injuries occur as a result of a direct cut through spinal tissue （as was the injury

  model in the Courtine study）.

  “Secondly， will this technique work in chronic （long-term） spinal injuries? It is

  not yet known whether it is possible to generate extensive neuroplasticity in a

  system that has been injured for a long time and now contains many more complications

  such as abundant scar tissue， large holes in the spinal cord and where many spinal

  bres have died or degenerated.”nerve cells and long range nerve

  That term “neuroplasticity” is crucial. It refers to the ability of the brain and

  spinal cord to adapt and recover from moderate injury—something which researchers

  have been trying to exploit for years.

  Prof. Raisman of UCL said few people， even doctors， were aware that around half of

  all patients who become paralysed will walk again no matter what treatment they have.

  He questioned whether the improvements in the paralysed rats might in part be due

  to spontaneous recovery— neuroplasticity—rather than the combination of

  interventions.

  Prof. Raisman is now conducting trials with paralysed patients in Poland， who are

  all at least 18 months post-injury which removes any doubt that spontaneous repair

  may be the cause of any improvement.

  From BBC， June 1， 2012

  1. Which of the following statements about spinal cord is TRUE?

  A. The cars travel up and down on spinal cord.

  B. Spinal cord carries messages from one’s brain to all parts of the body.

  C. When the spinal cord gets damaged， the patient will become paralysed.

  D. When severed， the spinal cord is impossible to be repaired.

  2. According to Professor Geoff Raisman， a therapy for paralyzed patients is ______.

  cult and complex C. questionable D. reliableA. proven B. dif

  3. Prof. Courtine’s attitude towards the Swiss experiments is ______.

  A. optimistic B. doubtful C. ambiguous D. critical

  4. We can infer from the passage that ______.

  nitely works in long-term spinal injuriesA. this technique de

  B. contusion/compression type injuries involve blunt trauma， bruising and

  compression of the spinal cord

  bres have died or degenerated inC. many spinal nerve cells and long range nerve

  the spinal cord

  D. the trials conducted by Prof. Raisman may prove that the improvements are not

  due to spontaneous repair

  Ⅲ.小作文

  “Chinese Dream” is a hotly-discussed topic. What is your opinion of “Chinese Dream” and how

  do you distinguish between “Chinese Dream” and the well-known “American Dream”? Write an

  essay in around 800 words with specific examples.

  参考答案

  Ⅰ.词汇语法

  1. A） admit 和deny 通常后跟动名词，名词，或that 引导的从句作宾语，所以本句中

  只有选项A）正

  2. B）本句的主语为一主语从句，所以谓语动词采用单数形式。

  3. D）单独的现在分词或过去分词作状语时，说明主句谓语动词所表达的动作和分词所表

  达的动作应由同一个人或物（或同一些人或物）发出，如果分词的动作发出者与主句的动作

  发出者不同，则应将状语换成状语从句或改为独立主格的形式。

  4. C） If only 意为“假如…该多好”，往往用于引导虚拟条件句，如果表示与将来或现在事

  实相反的假设，则句中谓语应采用过去时；如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，则句中谓语应

  采用过去完成时。

  5. B） “be lost to sth ”为一固定短语，意为“未注意，漠视”。

  6. B）由would /had rather＋宾语从句构成的虚拟语气句，宾语从句的谓语动词形式一

  般有两种表示方式，用动词的过去式表示现在和将来的含义，用过去完成时表示过去的含义。

  7. B） certificate 意为“证书；执照；结业证书”；diplomat 是“外交官”，diploma 是“文

  凭”；degree 意为“学位，学衔”，是高校用语；identity 意为“身份，本身”。

  8. A） harmony 意为“和谐，一致”，in harmony 构成介词词组；grace 意为“（姿态

  动作的）优美，优雅，文雅”；rhythm 意为“韵律，节奏；节拍”； relief 意为“安慰，安心，

  宽慰”。

  9. D） plunge 意为“使…陷入（某种状态）；把…抛进”，常和介词into 构成习惯搭配；

  impose 意为“（把想法等）强加（于某人），强迫（某人）接受…，后面一般接on ；pitch

  意为“抛，扔，投”；insert 意为“将…插入；将（词句）写入”，后接in ，into， between 等。

  10. A） 句型“for all ＋one’s＋名词或从句”以及“with all （one’s＋名词或从句）”为习惯

  性用语，常用来表示让步状语， for all 或with all 相当于in spite of all，意为“尽管，

  虽然”。

  11. D） without question 意为“无可怀疑的”。in question 意为“在考虑中的，在议论

  中的”。out of question 意为“不成问题”。beside the question 无此搭配。

  12. A） 由时间状语中的a delicious dish 可以看出，此句意在说明一个普遍的事实，而

  不是特指烹饪某一道菜，所以无须使用过去时，而只需使用表示普遍情况的一般时。

  13. B） 此句为强调句，所强调的时间状语从句部分的动作几乎和主句的动作同时发生，

  时间状语从句的谓语动词为过去时，因而主句的谓语动词采用过去时便可。

  14. B） call off 意为“取消”；call for 意为“需要，需求”；call on 意为“号召，呼吁”；

  call out 意为“召唤…行动”。

  15. D） add up to 意为“总计，共达”，add up to very little 意为“几乎不起作用”；come

  up to 意为“等于，比得上；达到（标准等）”；make up for 意为“补偿；弥补”；stand up

  for 意为“支持”。

  Ⅱ.阅读理解

  A

  1. C

  本题为推理辨析题。文章第一段指出，美国的Health regulators 星期五扣押了来自巴西

  和加拿大的九批橙汁（橘子汁），因为检验结果发现这些橙汁含有美国未核准供柑橘使用

  的杀菌剂，并且拒绝了industry calls to overhaul the way they test for the banned

  substance ，可以判断行业内对于联邦食品药物管理局的检测方式不赞成，因此应选择C。

  2.B

  本题为细节题。根据文章第二段最后一句Th e FDA st art ed testing for the fungicide

  on January 4， after an alert from Coca-Cola， roiling orange juice futures to

  record highs as traders feared a prolonged disruption to supply 可以了解交易者

  担心这会扰乱橙汁供应市场，因此选项B 正确。另外，第三段的fretted that the

  fungicide testing would further dent demand if it translated into higher prices for

  consumers， or sparked fears of a health risk 进一步证明了选项B 的正确性。

  3.C

  题为词义辨析题。根据题干，我们可以参考第十二段We ve stated before that we would

  test imports on “an as” is basis， and that s still our policy 来判断FDA 仍然依照现

  有的检测原则进行检测，因此应该选择C。同时需要注意四个选项的介词短语on the basis

  of 、in the light of、according to 和in line with 意思相同，意为“根据；依照”。

  4.A

  本题为细节题。根据题干可以参考第十三段The Brazilian juice industry said it would

  study alternatives if the United States continues to reject its juice shipments 得

  出巴西的果汁行业积极应对，如果美国继续扣押橙汁的话，将会研究其他方案。因此应选择

  A。

  5.D

  本题为细节题。文章第十四段指出The FDA said 29 of the 80 orange juice samples it

  had taken since testing began on January 4 had no traces of carbendazim，

  including two fromBraziland seven fromCanada. Importers will have 90 days

  to export or destroy the product， the agency said，因此应选择D。

  B

  1. B

  本题为细节题。文章第一段告诉那些考虑借助机器人完成前列腺切除手术的病人不应该相信

  那些广泛渲染这类手术的广告： ...shouldn’t trust the rosy ads promoting the

  expensive technology over low-tech surgery，由此判断选项A 错误，而选项D 太

  绝对；并且本段指出That s according to a new survey that found complaints about

  sexual problems and urinary leakage were equally common after the two

  procedures ，以此可以判断两种手术之后都存在性功能障碍和漏尿等并发症，由此判断

  选项B 正确，而选项C 错误。

  2. C

  文章第三段中，About 400 of them had so-called robotic-assisted laparoscopic

  prostatectomy， in which the surgeon uses a robot to access the prostate

  through multiple small holes in the belly. 解释了如何借助机器人完成前列腺切除手

  术，需要明白的是做手术的仍然是医生，而非机器人，因此选项A 错误；文章第四段第一

  句清楚地告诉我们做完手术后14 个月，10 个人中大概有9 个人都会有性功能的问题，这

  只是比率，而非确切的数字，因此选项B 错误；接着文章指出大概三分之一的病人说他们

  接受手术后会有漏尿的问题，因此选项C 正确；本段的最后一句话指出借助机器人完成手

  术后似乎漏尿现象更普遍，但并没有说传统的手术没有这种问题，因此选项D 错误。综上

  所述应选择C。

  3. A

  本题为细节题。根据题干可参考文章第八段To an extent it s the manufacturer， to

  an extent it s surgeons， to an extent it s a culture that tends to put great faith

  in technology， even when the patient doesn t understand it.并没有提到病人本身

  的常识对robot surgery 有推动作用，因此应选择A 。

  4. B

  本题为细节题。根据题干可以参考第十段的最后一句话He said patient s considering

  surgery should look for experienced surgeons rather than focus on technology.

  由此可判断选项B 正确。

  5. D

  本题为推理题。根据全文内容，作者首先提出了近年来不少医院都特别推崇“借助机器人完

  成前列腺切除手术”的现象，然后运用文献报告对这类手术的精益性提出质疑，并呼吁病人

  不应该依赖技术而应该把注意力放在医生身上，因此可判断出作者的态度是客观的（选项D），

  而非主观的（选项A），或者不在乎的（选项B），又或者模棱两可的（选项C）。

  C

  1. C

  试题分析本题为细节题。文章第二段Imagine your spinal cord as a motorway， the

  cars

  travelling up and down are the nerve fibres carrying messages from your brain

  to all parts of the body. If this gets damaged the cars can t travel. The messages

  are blocked， the patient is paralysed.得知，脊髓就好比高速公路，而从大脑向全身传

  递信息的神经纤维就好比汽车，如果高速公路坏掉，汽车就无法行驶，换句话说，如果脊

  髓遭到挫伤，神经纤维就无法传递信息，由此判断选项C 正确。

  2.B

  本题为细节题。文章第五段中Professor Geoff Raisman 说This is difficult and

  complex work and we want to ensure we get things right，因此可以判断治疗是复

  杂而艰难的，选项A 的意思是“已证实的”；选项C 的意思是“有问题的；不可靠的” ；

  选项D 的意思是“可靠的”，综上所述应选择B 。

  3.A

  本题为细节题。文章第十段第一句Prof. Courtine said he was optimistic patient trials

  would begin in “a year or two” at Balgrist University Hospital Spinal Cord Injury

  Centre in Zurich. Other scientists gave a mixed response to the findings.

  Dr Elizabeth Bradbury， Medical Research Council Senior Fellow， King’s College

  London， described the Swiss experiments as elegant and ground-breaking . But

  she said questions remained before its usefulness in humans could be

  determined.可得知Prof. Courtine 对这些实验持乐观的态度，而其他的研究人员态度

  比较复杂：一方面他们认为这些实验非常具有开拓性，但是另一方面又对人体试验的效果

  怀有疑问。综上所述，选项A 正确。

  4.D

  本题为推理题。文章第十一段Firstly， will this approach work in

  contusion/compression type inj uries?可推断选项A 错误；根据第十一段中These

  injuries involve blunt trauma， bruising and compression of the spinal cord 可知

  选项不符合题干；根据第十二段many more complications such as abundant scar

  tissue， large holes in the spinal cord and where many spinal nerve cells and long

  range nerve fibres have died or degenerated.可知选项C 不符合题干；根据文章最

  后一段可推断出选项D正确。 

  

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