《翻译硕士英语》模拟试题

  模拟试题一

  Part I Vocabulary （30 points）

  Directions： There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part． For each sentence there are four choices marked A， B， C and D． Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence．

  1． Those people who are ____________are most welcome to the politicians．

  A． credulous B． credible C． incredible D． unbelievable

  2． The old lady has developed a ____________cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time．

  A． perpetual B． permanent C． chronic D． sustained

  3． Much as____________， I couldn?t lend him the money because I simply didn?t have that much spare cash．

  A． I would have liked to B． I would like to have

  C． should have to 1ike D． I should have liked to

  4． Although architecture has artistic qualities， it must also satisfy a number of important practical ________．

  A． considerations B． obligations C． observations D． regulations

  5． The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ________it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds．

  A． renders B． reckons C． regards D． relates

  6． I won?t see you off at the airport tomorrow， so I will wish you ______．

  A． have a good journey now B． a good journey now

  C． would have a good journey now D． to have a good journey now

  7． Are we going to see an end to the Arab－Israeli____?

  A． disaster B． controversy C． confrontation D． aggression

  8． The hidden room is ____only through a secret back entrance．

  A． obtainable B． achievable C． attainable D． accessible

  9． Those who support violence on television claim that it helps the viewer to ____steam and to get

  rid of his feelings in a harmless way．

  A． let off B． lash out C． leave off D． leak out

  10． We are on the ________of a new era in European relations．

  A． threshold B． advent

  C． commencement D． departure

  11． Nowadays， our government advocates credit to whatever we do or whoever we contact with． Once you________ your words， you will lose your social status and personal reputation．

  A． keep up with B． give away with

  C． go back on D． lose sight of

  12． Nicholas Chauvin， a French soldier， aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so ________and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe．

  A． vociferously B． patriotically

  C． verbosely D． loquaciously

  13． The ________ company has an excellent reputation—which is understandable， since it?s been

  in business for twenty years and has thousands of satisfied customers．

  A． upstart B． senile C． flourishing D． fledgling

  14． One model is a high－fashion show wore a hat so________ that it had to be supported with four poles carried by four attendants．

  A． levy B． volume C． valorous D． voluminous

  15． There has been a great deal of _________ surrounding the closure of the hospital．

  A． discrepancy B． combat C． disparity D． controversy

  16． The stout fellow over there is the great magician， Charlie Williams， himself．

  A． no other but B． no one than C no other than D． none other than

  17． As it turned out to be a small house party， we________ so formally．

  A． needn?t dress up B． did not need have dressed up

  C． did not need dress up D． needn?t have dressed up

  18． During the opera?s most famous aria the tempo chosen by the orchestra?s conductor

  seemed ， without necessary relation to what had gone before．

  A． tedious B． melodious C． capricious D． cautious

  19． Children and old people do not like having their daily upset．

  A． habit B． practice C． routine D． custom

  20． One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come

  A． accordingly B． accidentally C． artificially D． additionally

  21． Courageous people think quickly and act without A． hesitation B． complaint C． consideration D． anxiety

  22． In the preface my book， I express my sincere gratitude to all the teachers and friends who have been of help to me during my three years? life in the university．

  A． on B． for C． to D． in

  23． But if robots are to reach the next stage of labor－saving utility， they will have to operate with less human and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge．

  A． interaction B． supervision C． availability D． disposition

  24． At eight o?clock she laid whatever she was doing to tell the children a story before they went to bed．

  A． away B． off C． aside D． out of

  25． Financial institutions will spend huge sums， rolling our nationwide networks in Britain， France； Spain and perhaps in Germany． But the seeds for the most __________growth will be sown in America， where most banks have been slow to experiment with digital dollars until now．

  A． spectacular B． splendid C． specified D． specialized

  26． Of all things banish the __________out of your conversation， and never think of entertaining people with your own personal concerns of private affairs．

  A． egotism B． selfishness C． conscience D． consciousness

  27． The actor with whom I played the scene __________for me beautifully， whispering the opening words of each of my lines， as did others in subsequent scenes．

  A． covered up B． broke up C． made up D． stirred up

  28． I?m afraid the result of the coming election is a conclusion．

  A． foregone B． foreseen

  C． predictable D． prospective

  29． As he took his foot off the clutch the car forward and the passenger was almost thrown through the windscreen．

  A． lurched B． swirled

  C． staggered D． wobbled

  30． He thumbed through the rose to see if there was anything he fancied for his south－facing wall．

  A． brochure B． catalogue

  C． pamphlet D． booklet

  Part II Reading Comprehension （40 points）

  Directions： In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple－choice questions and 3 short－answer questions． Please read the passages and then write your answers on the answer sheet．

  Passage One

  The increase in leisure time， the higher standard of living， the availability of cars to a wider range of the population and， perhaps， a broadening of personal horizons have all contributed to a drastic change in the summer week－end habits of the British public． Now， on most Saturdays in the months loosely called summer， it is possible to see family saloons loaded with picnics and crammed to bursting with several generations of pleasure－bent ?Smiths?． Like competitors in some grossly disorganized rally， they nose their way through the neat drab streets of council estates， converging on the main roads， then crawl as best they can out into the open country and towards the coast．

  Congestion and the frustration of wasting precious time at the receiving end of someone else?s exhaust fumes gets the pursuit of enjoyment off to bad start； tempers become frayed． Children， traditionally the target for fathers? ill－humor， are singled out for special treatment． The past week?s misdeeds are unearthed and magnified out of all reasonable proportion； mothers leap to their broods? defense and， before long， vows that never again will this outing be repeated are being hurled back and forth． Of course， by this time， the children have wisely extracted themselves from the argument and are quietly amusing themselves by looking at their irate elders or gaping at the unfamiliar sight of animals in fields， often so much stranger to them than the corresponding naked shapes they are wont to see in butchers? windows．

  Eventually， tempers partially restored， the sea is in sight． The paraphernalia of enjoyment is set up on teeming beach， sand mysteriously appears in every sandwich， pale industrial legs are exposed in self－conscious nakedness．

  The children drift away， quite capable of finding enough magic in this exciting， watery world to occupy them fully until they are gathered in again． Fathers and mothers， and quite possibly some members of a previous generation， settle back to receive the sun and dream away the tensions brought to a climax by the journey． Fathers eye with furtive lustfulness and mothers glare with disapproval and envy as the shapely matrons of tomorrow splash and play and race coquettishly around them， spraying water and sand and disturbing any hopes of peace．

  At length the shadows drop and chill in the air brings an end to the idyll． The lobster skin is painfully covered up and the day?s debris half－heartedly collected． The family is rounded up and the brief dreams trodden into the sand along with the wasted paper．

  31． The writer suggests that tempers become frayed because ________．

  A． there are too many careless drivers on the roads

  B． there are too many cars on the roads

  C． the cars are crowded

  D． the children are irritating

  32． How do the fathers react when angry?

  A． They stop the children misbehaving．

  B． They complain about the children?s wrongdoing．

  C． They are easy to quarrel with the mothers．

  D． They shout at their wives．

  33． What do they find when they finally stop?

  A． There are sandwich stalls erected there．

  B． There are factory workers sunbathing．

  C． The beach is very crowded．

  D． The beach is covered with a lot of paraphernalia．

  34． Why are mothers liable to give disapproving looks?

  A． They resent their husbands? admiration of the intruders．

  B． They are angry at being disturbed when they want peace and quiet．

  C． They haven?t yet recovered from the effects of the journey．

  D． They are jealous because these people are in better shape than they are．

  35． When they prepare to leave， they ________．

  A． carefully pack away the lobsters they have caught

  B． put plasters on the places where they have been hurt

  C． cover over their debris with waste paper

  D． dress carefully to avoid any further irritation

  Passage Two

  Every market activity is an investment in time， energy and money． Few Companies would spend a large sum of money on， say， a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed， the choices available， and the expected return on what has been spent． Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth to the company or likely return will be． By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning， a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and are calculated in the same way as all other business investments．

  Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense that has to be accepted in order to sell their goods． Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose， it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company?s total commercial operation， for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance．

  Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward policy in a written form． Managers commonly consider that their time is too valuable to spend on anything other than urgent operational problems． In fact， the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past． For， if properly prepared， the marketing plan will contain sufficient details of the company?s policy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant．

  As the many alternative courses of action are programmed， the assistant takes any actions or decisions which are appropriate． Only unusual situations need be dealt with by the manager．

  The first step in preparing a marketing plan is that of producing the information necessary for decision making． Usually， a company will have within its own administration and control system the raw material necessary for the plan?s foundations． In addition， there is plenty of published information which is made available by government departments， institutions and the press．

  Marketing research is yet to be fully exploited by the majority of companies． It has so far only been used by companies that have recognized that their existing information sources are inadequate． Because of the scale of operations that now confronts the typical businessman， it is essential that investment decisions are based upon relevant information， so reducing the business risk．

  For a marketing－oriented activity to produce lasting results the entire operation has to be systematically planned． By producing basic information in written form and establishing aims for the future， the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measured． Documentation of detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company?s operation． Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence company results．

  36． The amount of money spent on marketing by most companies each year _____．

  A． equals the amount spent on capital equipment

  B． does not give a good return on the investment

  C． is not based on an assessment of its potential value

  D． is viewed by these companies as an important business investment

  37． Managers usually regard the costs of marketing as _____．

  A． something which increases the cost of goods

  B． helpful but not essential to a company?s success

  C． less important than investment in production

  D． an unnecessary extra business cost

  38． Why are marketing plans not written down by many managers?

  A． They do not have time to do it．

  B． They know it would be difficult to do．

  C． They never follow any particular marketing plan．

  D． They do not think it is really necessary

  39． Good marketing procedures allow a manager _____．

  A． to take different courses of action

  B． to do less work than others

  C． to avoid unforeseen problems

  D． to give more responsibility to others

  40． How should a manager begin writing a marketing plan?

  A． By doing market research outside the company．

  B． By looking at information produced by other companies．

  C． By analyzing procedures already used by the company．

  D． By finding information from many different sources．

  Passage Three

  In addition to urge to conform which we generate ourselves， there is the external pressure of

  the various formal and informal groups we belong to， the pressure to back their ideas and attitudes and to imitate their actions． Thus our urge to conform receives continuing， even daily reinforcement． To be sure， the intensity of the reinforcement， like the strength of the urge and the ability and inclination to withstand it， differs widely among individuals． Yet some pressure is present for everyone． And in one way or another， to some extent， everyone yields to it．

  It is possible that a new member of a temperance group might object the group?s rigid insistence that all drinking of alcoholic beverages is wrong He might even speak out， reminding them that occasional， moderate drinking is not harmful， that even the Bible speaks approvingly of it． But the group may quickly let him know that such ideas are unwelcome in their presence． Every time he forgets this， he will be made to feel uncomfortable． In time， if he values their companionship he will avoid expressing that point of view． He may even keep himself from thinking．

  This kind of pressure， whether spoken or unspoken， can be generated by any group， regardless of how liberal or conservative， formal or casual it may be． Friday night poker clubs， churches， political parties， committees， fraternities， unions． The teenage gang that steals automobile accessories may seem to have no taboos． But let one uneasy member remark that he is beginning to feel guilty about his crimes and their wrath will descend on him．

  Similarly， in high school and college， the crowd a student travels with has certain （usually unstate D） expectations for its members． If they drink or smoke， they will often make the member who does not do so feel that he doesn?t fully belong． If a member does not share their views on sex， drugs， studying， cheating， or any other subject of importance to them， they will communicate their displeasure． The way they communicate， of course， may be more or less direct． They may tell him he?d better conform “or else”． They may launch a teasing campaign against him． Or they may be even less obvious and leave him out of their activities for a few days until he asks what is wrong or decides for himself and resolves to behave more like them．

  The urge to conform on occasion conflicts with the tendency to resist change． If the group we are in advocates an idea or action that is new and strange to us， we can be torn between seeking their acceptance and maintaining the security of familiar ideas and behavior． In such ．cases， the way we turn will depend on which tendency is stronger in us or which value we are more committed to． More often，－however， the two tendencies do not conflict but reinforce each other． For we tend to associate with those whose attitudes mid actions are similar to our own．

  41． The writer most probably discusses ____ in the previous part of the text．

  A． advantages that conformity brings us

  B． internal urge we have to conform with others

  C． the definition of conformity

  D． the necessity of conformity

  42． You may experience external pressure to conform ____．

  A． when you conceal your points of view

  B． from the time when you were born

  C． when your opinions are different from those of the group to which you belong

  D． when you face something new

  43． A temperance group is ____．

  A． an organization that advocates drinking of alcoholic beverages'

  B． an organization that urges people to stop drinking alcoholic liquors

  C． an organization in which all members have no taboos to drink alcoholic beverages

  D． an organization in which all drivers are not allowed to drink alcoholic liquors

  44． If you refuse to give up your ideas which are different from the others in the group you

  belong to， ____．

  A． you will be tom apart by the others

  B． their wrath will descend on you

  C． you will gradually be deserted by them

  D． you will resolve to behave more like them

  45． The main topic of this text is ____．

  A． the external pressure which urges us to conform with others

  B． both the internal and external urge we have to conform with others

  C． the urge and the tendency for us to conform with others

  D． the generation of the external urge for us to conform with others

  Passage Four

  Theoretical physicists use mathematics to describe certain aspects of Nature． Sir Isaac Newton was the first theoretical physicist， although in his own time his profession was called “natural philosophy”．

  By Newton?s era people had already used algebra and geometry to build marvelous works of architecture， including the great cathedrals of Europe， but algebra and geometry only describe things that are sitting still． In order to describe things that are moving or changing in some way， Newton invented calculus．

  The most puzzling and intriguing moving things visible to humans have always been the sun， the moon， the planets and the stars we can see in the night sky． Newton?s new calculus， combined with his “Laws of Motion”， made a mathematical model for the force of gravity that not only described the observed motions of planets and stars in the night sky， but also of swinging weights and flying cannonballs in England．

  Today?s theoretical physicists are often working on the boundaries of known mathematics， sometimes inventing new mathematics as they need it， like Newton did with calculus．

  Newton was both a theorist and an experimentalist． He spent many long hours， to the point of neglecting his health， observing the way Nature behaved so that he might describe it better． The so－called “Newton?s Laws of Motion” are not abstract laws that Nature is somehow forced to obey， but the observed behavior of Nature that is described in the language of mathematics． In Newton?s time， theory and experiment went together．

  Today the functions of theory and observation are divided into two distinct communities in physics． Both experiments and theories are much more complex than back in Newton?s time． Theorists are exploring areas of Nature in mathematics that technology so far does not allow us to observe in experiments． Many of the theoretical physicists who are alive today may not live to see how the real Nature compares with her mathematical description in their work． Today?s theorists have to learn to live with ambiguity and uncertainty in their mission to describe Nature using math．

  In the 18th and 19th centuries， Newton?s mathematical description of motion using calculus and his model for the gravitational force were extended very successfully to the emerging science and technology of electromagnetism． Calculus evolved into classical field theory．

  Once electromagnetic fields were thoroughly described using mathematics， many physicists

  felt that the field was finished， that there was nothing left to describe or explain．

  Then the electron was discovered， and particle physics was born． Through the mathematics of quantum mechanics and experimental observation， it was deduced that all known particles fell into one of two classes： bosons or fermions． Bosons are particles that transmit forces． Many bosons can occupy the same state at the same time． This is not true for fermions， only one fermion can occupy a given state at a given time， and this is why fermions are the particles that make up matter． This is why solids can?t pass through one another， why we can?t walk through walls－because of Pauli repulsion－the inability of fermions （matter） to share the same space the way bosons （forces） can． While particle physics was developing with quantum mechanics， increasing observational evidence indicated that light， as electromagnetic radiation， traveled at one fixed speed （in a vacuum） in every direction， according to every observer． This discovery and the mathematics that Einstein developed to describe it and model it in his Special Theory of Relativity， when combined with the later development of quantum mechanics， gave birth to the rich subject of relativistic quantum field theory． Relativistic quantum field theory is the foundation of our present theoretical ability to describe the behavior of the subatomic particles physicists have been observing and studying in the latter half of the 20th century．

  But Einstein then extended his Special Theory of Relativity to encompass Newton?s theory of gravitation， and the result， Einstein?s General Theory of Relativity， brought the mathematics called differential geometry into physics．

  General relativity has had many observational successes that proved its worth as a description of Nature， but two of the predictions of this theory have staggered the public and scientific imaginations： the expanding Universe， and black holes． Both have been observed， and both encapsulate issues that， at least in the mathematics， brush up against the very nature of reality and existence．

  Relativistic quantum field theory has worked very well to describe the observed behaviors and properties of elementary particles． But the theory itself only works well when gravity is so weak that it can be neglected． Particle theory only works when we pretend gravity doesn?t exist． General relativity has yielded a wealth of insight into the Universe， the orbits of planets， the evolution of stars and galaxies， the Big Bang and recently observed black holes and gravitational lenses． However， the theory itself only works when we pretend that the Universe is purely classical and that quantum mechanics is not needed in our description of Nature．

  String theory is believed to close this gap．

  Originally， string theory was proposed as an explanation for the observed relationship between mass and spin for certain particles called hadrons， which include the proton and neutron． Things didn?t work out， though， and Quantum Chromodynamics eventually proved a better theory for hadrons．

  But particles in string theory arise as excitations of the string， and included in the excitations of a string in string theory is a particle with zero mass and two units of spin．

  If there were a good quantum theory of gravity， then the particle that would carry the gravitational force would have zero mass and two units of spin． This has been known by theoretical physicists for a long time． This theorized particle is called the graviton．

  This led early string theorists to propose that string theory be applied not as a theory of hadronic particles， but as a theory of quantum gravity， the unfulfilled fantasy of theoretical physics in the particle and gravity communities for decades． But it wasn?t enough that there be a graviton

  predicted by string theory． One can add a graviton to quantum field theory by hand， but the calculations that are supposed to describe Nature become useless． This is because， as illustrated in the diagram above， particle interactions occur at a single point of spacetime， at zero distance between the interacting panicles． For gravitons， the mathematics behaves so badly at zero distance that the answers just don?t make sense． In string theory， the strings collide over a small but finite distance， and the answers do make sense．

  This doesn?t mean that string theory is not without its deficiencies． But the zero distance behavior is such that we can combine quantum mechanics and gravity， and we can talk sensibly about a string excitation that carries the gravitational force．

  This was a very great hurdle that was overcome for late 20th century physics， which is why so many young people are willing to learn the grueling complex and abstract mathematics that is necessary to study a quantum theory of interacting strings．

  46． Please give your account of “Newton?s Laws of Motion”．（2 points）

  47． What is the present state of scientific research in account of Nature?（4 points）

  48． What is the difference between bosons and fermions? （4 points）

  III． Writing （30 points）

  A magazine is publishing a series of articles on “Modern Life”． Readers have been asked to contribute． You write an article about 400 words on clothes and fashions of young people today， and explain how their meanings are determined by social and cultural factors．

  

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